. "7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione"@en . . . . . . "Brenner-Holzach, O.; Leuthardt, F. Uric acid formation from glucose carbon in Drosophila melanogaster. Preliminary report. Helvetica Chimica Acta (1963), 46(4), 1426-8."@en . "experimental"@en . . . . "Humans and other mammals"@en . . "Uric Acid"@en . "investigational"@en . "The exact mechanism of action for uric acid's antioxidant effects have not yet been elucidated."@en . . . " "@en . "69-93-2"@en . "Uric acid is the last product of purine metabolism in humans. The formation of uric acid is through the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which oxidizes oxypurines. Normally a small amount of uric acid is present in the body, but when there is an excess amount in the blood, called hyperuricemia, this can lead to gout and formation of kidney stones. As a therapeutic agent, it is known that uric acid is increased in response to oxidative stress, and as such, uric acid acts as an antioxidant. At present (August 2013), there is no approved formulation or indication for uric acid. In one country, Spain, uric acid is an investigational drug in a phase 3 trial studying its effects as an adjunct to alteplase in acute ischemic stroke. "@en . . . . . . . . . . "2,6,8-Trihydroxypurine"@en . . . "Uric acid is eliminated by the kidneys."@en . . "Urate"@en . . . . . . . . "At present (August 2013), there is no approved indication for uric acid. The potential therapeutic use for uric acid is as an adjunct in acute ischemic stroke."@en . . . "# Chamorro A, Planas AM, Muner DS, Deulofeu R: Uric acid administration for neuroprotection in patients with acute brain ischemia. Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(2):173-6. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14962621 # Romanos E, Planas AM, Amaro S, Chamorro A: Uric acid reduces brain damage and improves the benefits of rt-PA in a rat model of thromboembolic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007 Jan;27(1):14-20. Epub 2006 Apr 5. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16596120 # Amaro S, Soy D, Obach V, Cervera A, Planas AM, Chamorro A: A pilot study of dual treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and uric acid in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2007 Jul;38(7):2173-5. Epub 2007 May 24. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525395 # Maxwell SR, Thomason H, Sandler D, Leguen C, Baxter MA, Thorpe GH, Jones AF, Barnett AH: Antioxidant status in patients with uncomplicated insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Invest. 1997 Jun;27(6):484-90. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9229228"@en . . . .