. . . . . "3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than theophylline and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9)"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "3,7-dihydro-3,7-Dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione"@en . . . "theobromine is used as a vasodilator, a diuretic, and heart stimulant. And similar to caffeine, it may be useful in management of fatigue and orthostatic hypotension."@en . . "Theobromine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. This action was previously believed to be due primarily to increased intracellular cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) following inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP. It is now thought that xanthines such as caffeine and theobromine act as antagonist at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of norepinephrine or angiotensin, antagonism of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of xanthine derivatives such as theobromine and caffeine. Blockade of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced \"pounding\" of the heart upon caffeine intake."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "# Usmani OS, Belvisi MG, Patel HJ, Crispino N, Birrell MA, Korbonits M, Korbonits D, Barnes PJ: Theobromine inhibits sensory nerve activation and cough. FASEB J. 2005 Feb;19(2):231-3. Epub 2004 Nov 17. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15548587 # Slattery ML, West DW: Smoking, alcohol, coffee, tea, caffeine, and theobromine: risk of prostate cancer in Utah (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1993 Nov;4(6):559-63. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8280834"@en . "Theobromin"@en . "Theobromine"@en . . "3,7-Dimethylpurine-2,6-dione"@en . . . . . . "Misako Mizuno, Hiroshi Ashihara, Kouichi Mizuno, Tatsuhito Fujimura, \"CAMELLIA SINENSIS GENE ENCODING A CAFFEINE SYNTHESIS ASSOCIATED N-METHYL TRANSFERASE WITH 7-METHYLXANTHINE N3 METHYL TRANSFERASE, THEOBROMINE N1 METHYL TRANSFERASE, AND PARAXANTHINE N3 METHYL TRANSFERASE ACTIVITIES AND USE THEREOF.\" U.S. Patent US06930227, issued August 16, 2005."@en . "approved"@en . . "83-67-0"@en . "3,7-Dimethylxanthine"@en . "Theobromine"@en . . .