. . . . . " "@en . "Humans and other mammals"@en . "1-2 hours"@en . . . . . . "6989-98-6"@en . . . . . . . "Tubocurarine, the chief alkaloid in tobacco products, binds stereo-selectively to nicotinic-cholinergic receptors at the autonomic ganglia, in the adrenal medulla, at neuromuscular junctions, and in the brain. Two types of central nervous system effects are believed to be the basis of Tubocurarine's positively reinforcing properties. A stimulating effect is exerted mainly in the cortex via the locus ceruleus and a reward effect is exerted in the limbic system. At low doses the stimulant effects predominate while at high doses the reward effects predominate. Intermittent intravenous administration of Tubocurarine activates neurohormonal pathways, releasing acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, vasopressin, beta-endorphin, growth hormone, and ACTH."@en . . . . " "@en . . . . . . . . "7',12'-Dihydroxy-6,6'-dimethoxy-2,2',2'-trimethyltubocuraranium"@en . . . . . "Tubocurarine"@en . . . . . "Used as a diagnosis agent for myasthenia gravis, and also to facilitate the intubation after induction of anesthesia in surgical procedure"@en . . "A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in curare; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae. [PubChem]"@en . "approved"@en . . "d-tubocurarine"@en . . "Tubocurarin"@en . . . . "(+)-tubocurarine"@en . .