. . . . . . . "Gennady Nisnevich, \"Novel synthesis of irbesartan.\" U.S. Patent US20040192713, issued September 30, 2004."@en . . . . . . . . . "Rapid and complete with an average absolute bioavailability of 60-80%. Food has no affect on bioavailability."@en . "11-15 hours"@en . . . . . . "BMS 186295"@en . "Hypotension and tachycardia; bradycardia might also occur from overdose, LD₅₀=mg/kg(orally in rat)"@en . . "Take without regard to meals."@en . . . . "For the treatment of hypertension, as well as diabetic nephropathy with an elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria (>300 mg/day) in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Irbesartan is also used as a second line agent in the treatment of congestive heart failure."@en . . . . "Irbesartan"@en . . "Irbesartan is a nonpeptide tetrazole derivative and an angiotensin II antagonist that selectively blocks the binding of angiotensin II to the AT₁ receptor. In the renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin I is converted by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to form angiotensin II. Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete aldosterone, which decreases the excretion of sodium and increases the excretion of potassium. Angiotensin II also acts as a vasoconstrictor in vascular smooth muscle. Irbesartan, by blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT₁ receptor, promotes vasodilation and decreases the effects of aldosterone. The negative feedback regulation of angiotensin II on renin secretion is also inhibited, but the resulting rise in plasma renin concentrations and consequent rise in angiotensin II plasma concentrations do not counteract the blood pressure–lowering effect that occurs. The action of ARBs is different from ACE inhibitors, which block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, meaning that the production of angiotensin II is not completely inhibited, as the hormone can be formed via other enzymes. Also, unlike ACE inhibitors, irbesartan and other ARBs do not interfere with response to bradykinins and substance P, which allows for the absence of adverse effects that are present in ACE inhibitors (eg. dry cough)."@en . "* 157-176 mL/min"@en . "* 53 to 93 L"@en . . . . . . "Irbesartan"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "# Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB, Ritz E, Atkins RC, Rohde R, Raz I: Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001 Sep 20;345(12):851-60. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11565517 # Adams MA, Trudeau L: Irbesartan: review of pharmacology and comparative properties. Can J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Spring;7(1):22-31. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10822210 # Croom KF, Curran MP, Goa KL, Perry CM: Irbesartan: a review of its use in hypertension and in the management of diabetic nephropathy. Drugs. 2004;64(9):999-1028. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15101793"@en . . . . . . "138402-11-6"@en . . . . . "90% bound to serum proteins (primarily albumin and a1-acid glycoprotein) with negligible binding to cellular components of blood."@en . . . . . "Irbesartan is metabolized via glucuronide conjugation and oxidation. Irbesartan and its metabolites are excreted by both biliary and renal routes. Irbesartan is excreted in the milk of lactating rats."@en . "investigational"@en . . . "Humans and other mammals"@en . . "2-Butyl-3-{[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]non-1-en-4-one"@en . . . . "Avapro"@en . . . . " "@en . "approved"@en . . . . . . . . "Irbesartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. It competes with angiotensin II for binding at the AT1 receptor subtype. Unlike ACE inhibitors, ARBs do not have the adverse effect of dry cough. The use of ARBs is pending revision due to findings from several clinical trials suggesting that this class of drugs may be associated with a small increased risk of cancer."@en . . . . . .