"Idrocodone"@en . . . "Narcotic analgesic related to codeine, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant. [PubChem]"@en . . . "Hydroconum"@en . . . . . . . . "125-29-1"@en . . . . . . . . . "Hydrocodone"@en . . . "Hydrocodone acts as a weak agonist at OP1, OP2, and OP3 opiate receptors within the central nervous system (CNS). Hydrocodone primarily affects OP3 receptors, which are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as modulators, both positive and negative, of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids such as hydrocodone also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hydrocodone"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Take with food."@en . . "Symptoms of overdose include respiratory depression (a decrease in respiratory rate and/or tidal volume, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, cyanosis), extreme somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, dizziness, ringing in the ears, confusion, blurred vision, eye problems, cold and clammy skin, and sometimes bradycardia and hypotension. In severe overdose, apnea, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest and death may occur. LD₅₀=85.7mg/kg (subcutaneous, in mice)."@en . . "To avoid constipation: increase your daily intake of fiber (beans, whole grains, vegetables)."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1.25-3 hours"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "(-)-Dihydrocodeinone"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "approved"@en . "Hidrocodona"@en . . . . . . "Hydrocone"@en . . . "For relief of moderate to moderately severe pain. Also used for the symptomatic relief of nonproductive cough, alone or in combination with other antitussives or expectorants."@en . "Avoid alcohol."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "4,5-alpha-Epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one"@en . . . . "Dihydrocodeinone"@en . . . . . . . . "Hydrocodon"@en . . . "Humans and other mammals"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "illicit"@en . "Hydrocodonum"@en . . . . . . . "Anne M. Hailes, Christopher E. French, Neil C. Bruce, \"Morphinone reductase for the preparation of hydromorphone and hydrocodone.\" U.S. Patent US5571685, issued November, 1990."@en . . . . . . "Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " "@en . . . . . . . . "As most agents in the 5-ring morphinan group of semi-synthetic opioids bind plasma protein to a similar degree (range 19% [hydromorphone] to 45% [oxycodone]), hydrocodone is expected to fall within this range."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . .