. . . . . . . . . . "Om P. Goel, Uldis Krolls, \"Crystalline quinapril and a process for producing the same.\" U.S. Patent US4761479, issued August, 1982."@en . . . . . "High salt intake may attenuate the antihypertensive effect of quinapril."@en . . . . . . " "@en . . . . . . . " "@en . . . "# Khan BV, Sola S, Lauten WB, Natarajan R, Hooper WC, Menon RG, Lerakis S, Helmy T: Quinapril, an ACE inhibitor, reduces markers of oxidative stress in the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2004 Jul;27(7):1712-5. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15220251 # Kieback AG, Felix SB, Reffelmann T: Quinaprilat: a review of its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicological data and clinical application. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Oct;5(10):1337-47. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19761414 # Pitt B, O'Neill B, Feldman R, Ferrari R, Schwartz L, Mudra H, Bass T, Pepine C, Texter M, Haber H, Uprichard A, Cashin-Hemphill L, Lees RS: The QUinapril Ischemic Event Trial (QUIET): evaluation of chronic ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease and preserved left ventricular function. Am J Cardiol. 2001 May 1;87(9):1058-63. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11348602 # Tsikouris JP, Suarez JA, Meyerrose GE, Ziska M, Fike D, Smith J: Questioning a class effect: does ACE inhibitor tissue penetration influence the degree of fibrinolytic balance alteration following an acute myocardial infarction? J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Feb;44(2):150-7. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14747423 # Valles Prats M, Matas Serra M, Bronsoms Artero J, Mate Benito G, Torguet Escuder P, Mauri Nicolas JM: Quinapril ACE-inhibition effects on adrenergic parameters in moderate essential hypertension. Kidney Int Suppl. 1996 Jun;55:S104-6. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8743525 # Voors AA, van Geel PP, Oosterga M, Buikema H, van Veldhuisen DJ, van Gilst WH: Vascular effects of quinapril completely depend on ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2004 Sep;5(3):130-4. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15526248 # Yamada S, Muraoka I, Kato K, Hiromi Y, Takasu R, Seno H, Kawahara H, Nabeshima T: Elimination kinetics of quinaprilat and perindoprilat in hypertensive patients with renal failure on haemodialysis. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003 Jun;26(6):872-5. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12808303"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Overdose may lead to severe hypotension. LD₅₀=1739mg/kg (orally in mice). The most common adverse effects observed in controlled clinical trials were dizziness, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, fatigue, and nausea/vomiting. "@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "97%"@en . . . . . . . . "Do not take with a high-fat meal."@en . . . . . "Herbs that may attenuate the antihypertensive effect of quinapril include: bayberry, blue cohash, cayenne, ephedra, ginger, ginseng (American), kola and licorice. "@en . . . . . "Quinapril"@en . . "Peak plasma concentrations of quinapril occur within one hour following oral administration. The extent of absorption is at least 60%. The rate and extent of quinapril absorption are diminished moderately (approximately 25-30%) when ACCUPRIL tablets are administered during a high-fat meal."@en . . "investigational"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "For the treatment of hypertension and as adjunct therapy in the treatment of congestive heart failure. May also be used to slow the rate of progression of renal disease in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy. "@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "85441-61-8"@en . . "Quinaprilum"@en . . . . . . "Quinapril is a prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is metabolized to quinaprilat (quinapril diacid) following oral administration. Quinaprilat is a competitive inhibitor of ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Quinapril may be used to treat essential hypertension and congestive heart failure. "@en . . . . . "approved"@en . "There are two isoforms of ACE: the somatic isoform, which exists as a glycoprotein comprised of a single polypeptide chain of 1277; and the testicular isoform, which has a lower molecular mass and is thought to play a role in sperm maturation and binding of sperm to the oviduct epithelium. Somatic ACE has two functionally active domains, N and C, which arise from tandem gene duplication. Although the two domains have high sequence similarity, they play distinct physiological roles. The C-domain is predominantly involved in blood pressure regulation while the N-domain plays a role in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and proliferation. ACE inhibitors bind to and inhibit the activity of both domains, but have much greater affinity for and inhibitory activity against the C-domain. Quinaprilat, the principle active metabolite of quinapril, competes with ATI for binding to ACE and inhibits and enzymatic proteolysis of ATI to ATII. Decreasing ATII levels in the body decreases blood pressure by inhibiting the pressor effects of ATII as described in the Pharmacology section above. Quinaprilat also causes an increase in plasma renin activity likely due to a loss of feedback inhibition mediated by ATII on the release of renin and/or stimulation of reflex mechanisms via baroreceptors. "@en . . "Quinapril"@en . . "Quinaprilat is eliminated primarily by renal excretion, up to 96% of an IV dose"@en . "Quinapril may decrease the excretion of potassium. Salt substitutes containing potassium may increase the risk of hyperkalemia. "@en . . . . . "Humans and other mammals"@en . . . "Elimination half life is 2 hours with a prolonged terminal phase of 25 hours. "@en . .