. . . . . . . . . . . . . . "N-(1-Phenethyl-4-piperidyl)propionanilide"@en . . . . . . . . "illicit"@en . "Mark Rubino, \"Process of making fentanyl intermediates.\" U.S. Patent US20060100438, issued May 11, 2006."@en . . . "1-Phenethyl-4-N-propionylanilinopiperidine"@en . . . . . . . "approved"@en . . "A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)"@en . . . . . . . . "Phentanyl"@en . . . . . . . . . . . " "@en . . . "Fentanilo"@en . . . . . . "Fentanyl"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "N-(1-Phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Fentanil "@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Fentanyl has an LD50 of 3.1 milligrams per kilogram in rats, and, 0.03 milligrams per kilogram in monkeys. The LD50 in humans is not known."@en . . "* 3 to 8 L/kg [Surgical Patients] * 0.8 to 8 [Hepatically Impaired Patients]"@en . "N-(1-Phenethyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-phenylpropionamide"@en . . . " "@en . . "80-85%"@en . . . . . "investigational"@en . . . . . . . "437-38-7"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "# Van Bever WF, Niemegeers CJ, Janssen PA: Synthetic analgesics. Synthesis and pharmacology of the diastereoisomers of N-(3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl)-N-phenylpropanamide and N-(3-methyl-1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl)-N-phenylpropanamide. J Med Chem. 1974 Oct;17(10):1047-51. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4420811 # Messina J, Darwish M, Fine PG: Fentanyl buccal tablet. Drugs Today (Barc). 2008 Jan;44(1):41-54. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18301803 # Taylor DR: Fentanyl buccal tablet: rapid relief from breakthrough pain. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Dec;8(17):3043-51. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18001263 # Simpson DM, Messina J, Xie F, Hale M: Fentanyl buccal tablet for the relief of breakthrough pain in opioid-tolerant adult patients with chronic neuropathic pain: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther. 2007 Apr;29(4):588-601. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17617282"@en . . . . "* 27 \u2013 75 L/h [Surgical Patients receving IV administration] * 3 \u2013 80 L/h [Hepatically Impaired Patients receving IV administration] * 30 \u2013 78 L/h [Renally Impaired Patients receving IV administration]"@en . . . "7 hours (range 3-12)"@en . . . . . . "N-Phenethyl-4-(N-propionylanilino)piperidine"@en . "Bioavailability is 92% following transdermal administration and 50% following buccal administration."@en . . "Humans and other mammals"@en . . "N-Phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)propanamide"@en . "Fentanylum"@en . "For the treatment of cancer patients with severe pain that breaks through their regular narcotic therapy."@en . "1-Phenethyl-4-(N-phenylpropionamido)piperidine"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Fentanyl"@en . . . . . . . . . "Avoid alcohol."@en . . . . . . "Fentanyl is metabolized primarily via human cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme system and mostly eliminated in urine. Within 72 hours of IV fentanyl administration, approximately 75% of the dose is excreted in urine, mostly as metabolites with less than 10% representing unchanged drug."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Fentanila"@en . . . "N-(1-Phenethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenyl-propionamide"@en . . . . . . "Opiate receptors are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon. Fentanyl's analgesic activity is, most likely, due to its conversion to morphine. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hypopolarization and reduced neuronal excitability."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .