. "For treatment of primary systemic carnitine deficiency, a genetic impairment of normal biosynthesis or utilization of levocarnitine from dietary sources, or for the treatment of secondary carnitine deficiency resulting from an inborn error of metabolism such as glutaric aciduria II, methyl malonic aciduria, propionic acidemia, and medium chain fatty acylCoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. Parenteral levocarnitine is indicated for the prevention and treatment of carnitine deficiency in patients with end-stage renal disease."@en . "17.4 hours (elimination) following a single intravenous dose. "@en . "Total body clearance was found to be a mean of 4L/h. "@en . "Vitamin bt"@en . . . . . . . . . . "(R)-Carnitine"@en . "L-Carnitine"@en . . . . . . . . "Absolute bioavailability is 15% (tablets or solution). Time to maximum plasma concentration was found to be 3.3 hours. "@en . "Noguchi, J. and Sakota, N.; US. Patent 3,135,788; June 2,1964; assigned to Nihon Zoki Seiyaku Kabushikikaisha (Japan)."@en . . . . . "LD₅₀ > 8g/kg (mouse, oral). Adverse effects include hypertension, fever, tachycardia and seizures."@en . . . . . "Levocarnitina"@en . . . "(-)-L-Carnitine"@en . . . . . "(S)-Carnitine"@en . . . "Following a single intravenous dose, 73.1 +/- 16% of the dose was excreted in the urine during the 0-24 hour interval. Post administration of oral carnitine supplements, in addition to a high carnitine diet, 58-65% of the administered radioactive dose was recovered from urine and feces in 5-11 days. "@en . . . . . . "L-Carnitine"@en . . . . . . . "Levocarnitin"@en . . . . " "@en . . . "3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium"@en . . . . . "Humans and other mammals"@en . . . . . . "# Olpin SE: Fatty acid oxidation defects as a cause of neuromyopathic disease in infants and adults. Clin Lab. 2005;51(5-6):289-306. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15991803 # Steiber A, Kerner J, Hoppel CL: Carnitine: a nutritional, biosynthetic, and functional perspective. Mol Aspects Med. 2004 Oct-Dec;25(5-6):455-73. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15363636"@en . . "3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium hydroxide, inner salt"@en . "Carnicor"@en . . . "Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. [PubChem]"@en . . . " "@en . . "Karnitin"@en . "Carnitine"@en . "approved"@en . "Levocarnitine can be synthesised within the body from the amino acids lysine or methionine. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is essential to the synthesis of carnitine. Levocarnitine is a carrier molecule in the transport of long chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It also exports acyl groups from subcellular organelles and from cells to urine before they accumulate to toxic concentrations. Only the L isomer of carnitine (sometimes called vitamin BT) affects lipid metabolism. Levocarnitine is handled by several proteins in different pathways including carnitine transporters, carnitine translocases, carnitine acetyltransferases and carnitine palmitoyltransferases."@en . "Levocarnitinum"@en . . "L\u00E9vocarnitine"@en . "(-)-L-Carnitin"@en . . . "Carnitor"@en . . . . . "541-15-1"@en . . "None"@en . "(-)-Carnitine"@en . "The steady state volume of distribution (Vss) of an intravenously administered dose, above endogenous baseline levels, was calculated to be 29.0 +/- 7.1L. However this value is predicted to be an underestimate of the true Vss. "@en . . "Carnitene"@en .