. . . . . . . "# Kilpatrick GJ, Smith TW: Morphine-6-glucuronide: actions and mechanisms. Med Res Rev. 2005 Sep;25(5):521-44. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15952175 # Loguinov AV, Anderson LM, Crosby GJ, Yukhananov RY: Gene expression following acute morphine administration. Physiol Genomics. 2001 Aug 28;6(3):169-81. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11526201"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Avoid alcohol."@en . . . . . . . . . . "* 1 to 6 L/kg"@en . . . . . "The precise mechanism of the analgesic action of morphine is unknown. However, specific CNS opiate receptors have been identified and likely play a role in the expression of analgesic effects. Morphine first acts on the mu-opioid receptors. The mechanism of respiratory depression involves a reduction in the responsiveness of the brain stem respiratory centers to increases in carbon dioxide tension and to electrical stimulation. It has been shown that morphine binds to and inhibits GABA inhibitory interneurons. These interneurons normally inhibit the descending pain inhibition pathway. So, without the inhibitory signals, pain modulation can proceed downstream."@en . . "30-40%"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "(\u2212)-morphine"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Morphine"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Morphium"@en . . "(5alpha,6alpha)-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol"@en . "Take with food."@en . "Morphine"@en . . "2-4 hours"@en . . . " "@en . "A small amount of glucuronide conjugates are excreted in bile, with minor enterohepatic recycling. Seven to 10% of administered morphine sulfate is excreted in the feces."@en . "Humans and other mammals"@en . . "To avoid constipation: increase your daily intake of fiber (beans, whole grains, vegetables)."@en . "Morphin"@en . . "Nagaraj R. Ayyangar, Anil R. Choudhary, Uttam R. Kalkote, Vasant K. Sharma, \"Process for the preparation of codeine from morphine.\" U.S. Patent US4764615, issued May, 1912."@en . . . . "57-27-2"@en . "(7R,7AS,12bs)-3-methyl-2,3,4,4a,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methano[1]benzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol"@en . "investigational"@en . "Morphia"@en . . . . . "approved"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " "@en . "For the relief and treatment of severe pain."@en . . "Bioavailability is approximately 30%."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle. [PubChem]"@en . "* 20 \u2013 30 mL/min/kg [Adult] * 1852 +/- 116 mL/min [Chinese] * 1495 +/- 80 mL/min [Caucasian]"@en . . "LD50 = 461 mg/kg (rat, oral), 600 mg/kg (mouse, oral). Human lethal dose by ingestion is 120-250 mg of morphine sulfate. Symptoms of overdose include cold, clammy skin, flaccid muscles, fluid in the lungs, lowered blood pressure, \"pinpoint\" or dilated pupils, sleepiness leading to stupor and coma, slowed breathing, and slow pulse rate."@en . . . . "Morfina"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "(-)-Morphine"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Morphinum"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "(5R,6S,9R,13S,14R)-4,5-Epoxy-N-methyl-7-morphinen-3,6-diol"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "(5alpha,6alpha)-17-Methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxymorphinan-3,6-diol"@en . . . . . . . . . . .