. "CHLORAMBUCIL"@en . "approved"@en . . . . "Phillips, A. P. and Mentha, J.W.; U.S.Patent 3,046,301; July 24, 1962; assigned to Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U.S.A.) Inc."@en . . "Leukeran"@en . . "Chloraminophen"@en . . . . . . . "Take on an empty stomach."@en . . . . . . . "gamma-[P-Di(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]butyric acid"@en . . . . "# Rai KR, Peterson BL, Appelbaum FR, Kolitz J, Elias L, Shepherd L, Hines J, Threatte GA, Larson RA, Cheson BD, Schiffer CA: Fludarabine compared with chlorambucil as primary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2000 Dec 14;343(24):1750-7. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11114313 # Yang K, Tan J, Wu T: Alkylating agents for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD006719. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160296# Foon KA, Hallek MJ: Changing paradigms in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 2010 Mar;24(3):500-11. Epub 2009 Dec 24. \"Pubmed\":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033051"@en . "4-(P-Bis(beta-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)butyric acid"@en . . . "Chlorambucil"@en . . "\u03B3-[p-di(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]butyric acid"@en . . . . . . . . . "305-03-3"@en . "4-(p-bis(\u03B2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)butyric acid"@en . . . . "1.5 hours"@en . . . . "For treatment of chronic lymphatic (lymphocytic) leukemia, childhood minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, and malignant lymphomas including lymphosarcoma, giant follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and Waldenstr\u00F6m\u2019s Macroglobulinemia."@en . . . . . "99%"@en . . . . . "Ambochlorin"@en . . . . "N,N-di-2-chloroethyl-\u03B3-p-aminophenylbutyric acid"@en . . . . "Drink liberally."@en . "4-[p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyric acid"@en . . "Echinacea should be used with caution, if at all, in patients receiving therapeutic immunosuppressants. Monitor for reduced efficacy of the immunosuppressant during concomitant use."@en . " "@en . "Humans and other mammals"@en . "Food reduces bioavailability."@en . "Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms: 1) attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases, resulting in the DNA being fragmented by repair enzymes in their attempts to replace the alkylated bases, preventing DNA synthesis and RNA transcription from the affected DNA, 2) DNA damage via the formation of cross-links (bonds between atoms in the DNA) which prevents DNA from being separated for synthesis or transcription, and 3) the induction of mispairing of the nucleotides leading to mutations."@en . "A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic agent for the treatment of various malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)"@en . "Phenylbutyric Acid Nitrogen Mustard"@en . "N,N-Di-2-chloroethyl-gamma-P-aminophenylbutyric acid"@en . . "Chlorambucil is extensively metabolized in the liver primarily to phenylacetic acid mustard. The pharmacokinetic data suggests that oral chlorambucil undergoes rapid gastrointestinal absorption and plasma clearance and that it is almost completely metabolized, having extremely low urinary excretion."@en .