"(S)-N-Valeryl-N-{[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]-methyl}-valine"@en . . "83% of absorbed valsartan is excreted in feces and 13% is excreted in urine, primarily as unchanged drug"@en . . . . . . . "May be used as a first line agent to treat uncomplicated hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. May be used as a first line agent to delay progression of diabetic nephropathy. Losartan may be also used as a second line agent in the treatment of congestive heart failure, systolic dysfunction, myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease in those intolerant of ACE inhibitors."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "approved"@en . . . "* 2 L/h [IV administration] * 4.5 L/h [heart Failure patients receiving oral administration 40 to 160 mg twice a day]"@en . "Valsartan is an ARB that selectively inhibits the binding of angiotensin II to AT1, which is found in many tissues such as vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal glands. This effectively inhibits the AT1-mediated vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II and results in a decrease in vascular resistance and blood pressure. Valsartan is selective for AT1 and has virtually no affinity for AT2. Inhibition of aldosterone secretion may inhibit sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys while decreasing potassium excretion. The primary metabolite of valsartan, valeryl 4-hydroxy valsartan, has no pharmacological activity. "@en . . "N-(P-(O-1H-Tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl)-N-valeryl-L-valine"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "# Bader, M. (2004). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In S. Offermanns, & W. Rosenthal (Eds.). _Encyclopedic reference of molecular pharmacology_ (pp. 810-814). Berlin, Germany: Springer. # Diovan. (2009). [Electronic version]. e-CPS. Retrieved December 28, 2009. # Stanfield, C.L., & Germann, W.J. (2008). _Principles of human physiology_ (3 ^rd^ ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc."@en . . "The initial phase t_{1/2 α} is < 1 hour while the terminal phase t_{1/2 β} is 5-9 hours."@en . . "Humans and other mammals"@en . . "Valsartan"@en . " "@en . "Zvi Harel, Igor Rukhman, \"Process for the preparation of valsartan.\" U.S. Patent US20050010053, issued January 13, 2005."@en . . . . "investigational"@en . "Valsartan is an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) that may be used to treat a variety of cardiac conditions including hypertension, diabetic nephropathy and heart failure. Valsartan lowers blood pressure by antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS); it competes with angiotensin II for binding to the type-1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1) subtype and prevents the blood pressure increasing effects of angiotensin II. Unlike angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, ARBs do not have the adverse effect of dry cough. Valsartan may be used to treat hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and diabetic nephropathy. It may also be used as an alternative agent for the treatment of heart failure, systolic dysfunction, myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "N-Pentanoyl-N-{[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl}-L-valine"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "* 17 L (low tissue distribution)"@en . . "Diovan"@en . . . . . "137862-53-4"@en . . . . . . . "94 - 97% bound to serum proteins, primarily serum albumin"@en . . "Absolute bioavailability = 23% with high variability"@en .