. . "RIV/75112779:_____/14:#0000224" . . "Couriers and people-smugglers as a form of anti-Communist resistance"@en . "RIV/75112779:_____/14:#0000224!RIV15-MSM-75112779" . "[C191AC95CC68]" . . "Kur\u00FD\u0159i a p\u0159evad\u011B\u010Di jako jedna z forem protikomunistick\u00E9ho odboje." . . "1"^^ . . . . . "1"^^ . "Kur\u00FD\u0159i a p\u0159evad\u011B\u010Di jako jedna z forem protikomunistick\u00E9ho odboje."@cs . "Cesty za svobodou. Kur\u00FD\u0159i a p\u0159evad\u011B\u010Di v pades\u00E1t\u00FDch letech 20. stolet\u00ED." . "Dispatching couriers was a long-standing and traditional method of intelligence work. People were illegally sent across what was called the green border to the territory of another state where they carried out intelligence missions of various types: they acquired important information related to security, the economy and the military, recruited collaborators, brought people across the border and in some cases carried out sabotage behind enemy lines. They operated on foreign territory for a limited period, depending on the mission in question \u2013 from a few hours to several weeks or even months. For reasons of conspiracy, the couriers acted in utter secrecy and sometimes assumed false identities. Couriers were closely linked to the activities of people-smugglers; indeed, the two terms are very frequently interchangeable as many couriers also operated as people-smugglers. A people-smuggler was somebody who actively helped others to cross state borders illegally. Many of them were also linked to foreign intelligence headquarters, for which they also ensured the cross-border passage of couriers; they helped them prepare for operations inside Czechoslovakia and also provided them with logical assistance (with accommodation, food, etc.). Thanks to their actions, couriers and people-smugglers, who are often forgotten today, made an important mark on the history of Czechoslovakia\u2019s anti-communist resistance."@en . "Vys\u00EDl\u00E1n\u00ED kur\u00FDr\u016F bylo jedn\u00EDm z d\u00E1vn\u00FDch a tradi\u010Dn\u00EDch zp\u016Fsob\u016F zpravodajsk\u00E9 pr\u00E1ce. P\u0159es tzv. zelenou hranici ileg\u00E1ln\u011B vys\u00EDl\u00E1ny na \u00FAzem\u00ED jin\u00E9ho st\u00E1tu osoby, kter\u00E9 tam m\u011Bly za \u00FAkol plnit zpravodajsk\u00E9 \u00FAkoly r\u016Fzn\u00E9ho charakteru. Hlavn\u00ED n\u00E1pln\u00ED jejich pr\u00E1ce bylo z\u00EDsk\u00E1vat d\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00E9 \u00FAdaje t\u00FDkaj\u00EDc\u00ED se bezpe\u010Dnosti, hospod\u00E1\u0159stv\u00ED, vojenstv\u00ED, verbovat spolupracovn\u00EDky, p\u0159ev\u00E1d\u011Bt lidi p\u0159es hranice, eventu\u00E1ln\u011B p\u0159ipravovat z\u00E1\u0161kodnick\u00E9 akce v t\u00FDlu nep\u0159\u00EDtele. Na ciz\u00EDm \u00FAzem\u00ED se pohybovaly pouze omezenou dobu, je\u017E z\u00E1visela na \u00FAkolu, kter\u00FD tam m\u011Bly plnit. Mohlo to b\u00FDt n\u011Bkolika hodin, ale i n\u011Bkolik t\u00FDdn\u016F \u010Di m\u011Bs\u00EDc\u016F. Z konspirativn\u00EDch d\u016Fvod\u016F p\u016Fsobili kur\u00FD\u0159i v naprost\u00E9m utajen\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u011B vystupovali pod ciz\u00ED identitou. Po \u00FAnorov\u00E9m p\u0159evratu pou\u017E\u00EDvaly \u010Deskoslovensk\u00E1 StB a OBZ (Obrann\u00E9 zpravodajstv\u00ED) term\u00EDn agent-chodec ve dvou p\u0159\u00EDpadech: zaprv\u00E9 tak ozna\u010Dovaly sv\u00E9 vlastn\u00ED agenty pos\u00EDlan\u00E9 v\u00FD\u0161e popsan\u00FDm zp\u016Fsobem na Z\u00E1pad, nej\u010Dast\u011Bji do Rakouska a Spolkov\u00E9 republiky N\u011Bmecka. A zadruh\u00E9 osoby, kter\u00E9 v letech 1948\u20131956 tajn\u011B p\u0159ech\u00E1zely, v\u011Bt\u0161inou ve slu\u017Eb\u00E1ch americk\u00FDch, britsk\u00FDch a francouzsk\u00FDch tajn\u00FDch slu\u017Eeb, \u010Deskoslovensk\u00E9 st\u00E1tn\u00ED hranice."@cs . "Vys\u00EDl\u00E1n\u00ED kur\u00FDr\u016F bylo jedn\u00EDm z d\u00E1vn\u00FDch a tradi\u010Dn\u00EDch zp\u016Fsob\u016F zpravodajsk\u00E9 pr\u00E1ce. P\u0159es tzv. zelenou hranici ileg\u00E1ln\u011B vys\u00EDl\u00E1ny na \u00FAzem\u00ED jin\u00E9ho st\u00E1tu osoby, kter\u00E9 tam m\u011Bly za \u00FAkol plnit zpravodajsk\u00E9 \u00FAkoly r\u016Fzn\u00E9ho charakteru. Hlavn\u00ED n\u00E1pln\u00ED jejich pr\u00E1ce bylo z\u00EDsk\u00E1vat d\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00E9 \u00FAdaje t\u00FDkaj\u00EDc\u00ED se bezpe\u010Dnosti, hospod\u00E1\u0159stv\u00ED, vojenstv\u00ED, verbovat spolupracovn\u00EDky, p\u0159ev\u00E1d\u011Bt lidi p\u0159es hranice, eventu\u00E1ln\u011B p\u0159ipravovat z\u00E1\u0161kodnick\u00E9 akce v t\u00FDlu nep\u0159\u00EDtele. Na ciz\u00EDm \u00FAzem\u00ED se pohybovaly pouze omezenou dobu, je\u017E z\u00E1visela na \u00FAkolu, kter\u00FD tam m\u011Bly plnit. Mohlo to b\u00FDt n\u011Bkolika hodin, ale i n\u011Bkolik t\u00FDdn\u016F \u010Di m\u011Bs\u00EDc\u016F. Z konspirativn\u00EDch d\u016Fvod\u016F p\u016Fsobili kur\u00FD\u0159i v naprost\u00E9m utajen\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u011B vystupovali pod ciz\u00ED identitou. Po \u00FAnorov\u00E9m p\u0159evratu pou\u017E\u00EDvaly \u010Deskoslovensk\u00E1 StB a OBZ (Obrann\u00E9 zpravodajstv\u00ED) term\u00EDn agent-chodec ve dvou p\u0159\u00EDpadech: zaprv\u00E9 tak ozna\u010Dovaly sv\u00E9 vlastn\u00ED agenty pos\u00EDlan\u00E9 v\u00FD\u0161e popsan\u00FDm zp\u016Fsobem na Z\u00E1pad, nej\u010Dast\u011Bji do Rakouska a Spolkov\u00E9 republiky N\u011Bmecka. A zadruh\u00E9 osoby, kter\u00E9 v letech 1948\u20131956 tajn\u011B p\u0159ech\u00E1zely, v\u011Bt\u0161inou ve slu\u017Eb\u00E1ch americk\u00FDch, britsk\u00FDch a francouzsk\u00FDch tajn\u00FDch slu\u017Eeb, \u010Deskoslovensk\u00E9 st\u00E1tn\u00ED hranice." . "245"^^ . "V" . . . "25333" . "courier; smugglers; Czechoslovakia 1950s; anti-Communist resistance"@en . . "Couriers and people-smugglers as a form of anti-Communist resistance"@en . "9"^^ . "Svoboda, Libor" . "\u00DAstav pro studium totalitn\u00EDch re\u017Eim\u016F" . . "978-80-87912-19-5" . "Kur\u00FD\u0159i a p\u0159evad\u011B\u010Di jako jedna z forem protikomunistick\u00E9ho odboje." . . . "Praha" . "Kur\u00FD\u0159i a p\u0159evad\u011B\u010Di jako jedna z forem protikomunistick\u00E9ho odboje."@cs .