"1"^^ . "4"^^ . "CRC Press/Balkema" . "Life-Cycle and Sustainability of Civil Infrastructure Systems" . . "Increasing concrete resistance to deicing chemicals by using metakaolin" . "Jandekov\u00E1, Dagmar" . "Leiden" . . "M\u00E1ca, Petr" . . . . "This paper describes the influence of metakaolin on resistance of concrete to deicing chemicals. Such type of superficial damage is usually referred to as scaling of concrete. The resistance to scaling is very important for life-cycle assessment and durability of concrete carriageways and bridges. In the experimental phase of the study compressive strengths and scaling resistance for normal-reference concrete, air-entrained concrete and air-entrained concrete with added metakaolin are compared. The results indicate that metakaolin significantly improves durability of both normal and air-entrained concrete. However, the scaling improvement is larger when compared to normal concrete. It is concluded that the optimal and economical replacement level of cement by metakaolin is around 5%. In addition, the influence of the surface treatment of the samples on the scaling tests results is discussed in this paper." . . "978-0-415-62126-7" . "Increasing concrete resistance to deicing chemicals by using metakaolin"@en . "Sovj\u00E1k, Radoslav" . . "Konvalinka, Petr" . "Wien" . "This paper describes the influence of metakaolin on resistance of concrete to deicing chemicals. Such type of superficial damage is usually referred to as scaling of concrete. The resistance to scaling is very important for life-cycle assessment and durability of concrete carriageways and bridges. In the experimental phase of the study compressive strengths and scaling resistance for normal-reference concrete, air-entrained concrete and air-entrained concrete with added metakaolin are compared. The results indicate that metakaolin significantly improves durability of both normal and air-entrained concrete. However, the scaling improvement is larger when compared to normal concrete. It is concluded that the optimal and economical replacement level of cement by metakaolin is around 5%. In addition, the influence of the surface treatment of the samples on the scaling tests results is discussed in this paper."@en . . . . "RIV/68407700:21110/12:00196474!RIV13-MSM-21110___" . "21110" . "RIV/68407700:21110/12:00196474" . "Increasing concrete resistance to deicing chemicals by using metakaolin"@en . . "[9A663C943F60]" . "2012-10-03+02:00"^^ . . "concrete; metakaolin; scaling; durability; life-cycle assessment"@en . . . "P(VG20102014003), Z(MSM6840770031)" . "141118" . . . . . . . "Increasing concrete resistance to deicing chemicals by using metakaolin" . . "4"^^ . . . .