"Schorb, S." . "London, R. A." . "We present the results of an experiment where amorphous carbon undergoes a phase transition induced by femtosecond 830 eV x-ray free-electron laser pulses. The phase transition threshold fluence is found to be 282 11 mJ/cm2. Atomic force microscopy, photoelectron microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy give experimental evidence for the phase transition in terms of a volume expansion, graphitization, and change of local order of the irradiated sample area. The interaction is modeled by an accurate time-dependent treatment of the ionization dynamics coupled to a two-temperature model. At the phase transition fluence threshold the free-electron density Ne is found to be at maximum 9 1020 cm-3 while the ion (atom) temperature is found to be 1050 K, e.g., above the crystallization activation temperature reported in the literature. This low ionization rate and high atom temperature suggest a thermally activated phase transition."@en . . . "Gaudin, J." . . . . . "Amati, M." . "Hoffmann, G." . "Sinn, H." . "Graf, A." . "121841" . . "2" . "86" . "10.1103/PhysRevB.86.024103" . "Vu, H." . "Toufarov\u00E1, Martina" . "Gregoratti, L." . . "Hau-Riege, S. P." . . . "amorphous carbon; phase transition; graphitization; x-ray laser; free-electron laser"@en . . "Juha, Libor" . . . . "Sobierajski, R." . . . "Moeller, S." . "H\u00E1jkov\u00E1, V\u011Bra" . . . "Amorphous to crystalline phase transition in carbon induced by intense femtosecond x-ray free-electron laser pulses" . "Vorl\u00ED\u010Dek, Vladim\u00EDr" . "St\u00F6rmer, M." . "P(EE.2.3.20.0087), P(GAP108/11/1312), P(GAP205/11/0571), P(GAP208/10/2302), P(IAAX00100903), Z(AV0Z10100523)" . "RIV/68378271:_____/12:00382680!RIV13-GA0-68378271" . . . . "Burian, Tom\u00E1\u0161" . "Amorphous to crystalline phase transition in carbon induced by intense femtosecond x-ray free-electron laser pulses"@en . "Tschentscher, T." . "US - Spojen\u00E9 st\u00E1ty americk\u00E9" . "Dastjani-Farahani, S." . "RIV/68378271:_____/12:00382680" . "7"^^ . "Bo\u010Dek, J." . . . "Amorphous to crystalline phase transition in carbon induced by intense femtosecond x-ray free-electron laser pulses" . "1098-0121" . . "Bostedt, C." . . "[AB3E9FAF99E5]" . "Chalupsk\u00FD, Jarom\u00EDr" . . . "000306309300001" . "Physical Review. B" . . "We present the results of an experiment where amorphous carbon undergoes a phase transition induced by femtosecond 830 eV x-ray free-electron laser pulses. The phase transition threshold fluence is found to be 282 11 mJ/cm2. Atomic force microscopy, photoelectron microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy give experimental evidence for the phase transition in terms of a volume expansion, graphitization, and change of local order of the irradiated sample area. The interaction is modeled by an accurate time-dependent treatment of the ionization dynamics coupled to a two-temperature model. At the phase transition fluence threshold the free-electron density Ne is found to be at maximum 9 1020 cm-3 while the ion (atom) temperature is found to be 1050 K, e.g., above the crystallization activation temperature reported in the literature. This low ionization rate and high atom temperature suggest a thermally activated phase transition." . . "26"^^ . "Peyrusse, O." . . "Krzywinski, J." . "Amorphous to crystalline phase transition in carbon induced by intense femtosecond x-ray free-electron laser pulses"@en . "Vy\u0161\u00EDn, Lud\u011Bk" . "7"^^ .