"Long-term reinfection of the human genome by endogenous retroviruses" . "571807" . . "[D30C854233CC]" . "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" . . "Dlouhodob\u00E1 reinfekce lidsk\u00E9ho genomu endogenn\u00EDmi retroviry"@cs . "Pa\u010Des, Jan" . "Endogenous retrovirus (ERV) families are derived from their exogenous counterparts by means of a process of germ-line infection and proliferation within the host genome. Several families in the human and mouse genomes now consist of many hundreds of elements and, although several candidates have been proposed, the mechanism behind this proliferation has remained uncertain. To investigate this mechanism, we reconstructed the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous changes and the acquisition of stop codons during the evolution of the human ERV family HERV-K(HML2). We show that all genes, including the env gene, which is necessary only for movement between cells, have been under continuous purifying selection. This finding strongly suggests that the proliferation of this family has been almost entirely due to germ-line reinfection, rather than retrotransposition in cis or complementation in trans, and that an infectious pool of endogenous retroviruses has persisted within the primate lin..." . . "P(LN00A079), Z(AV0Z5052915)" . . "RIV/68378050:_____/04:00105341!RIV/2005/AV0/A23005/N" . "Dlouhodob\u00E1 reinfekce lidsk\u00E9ho genomu endogenn\u00EDmi retroviry"@cs . "Long-term reinfection of the human genome by endogenous retroviruses"@en . "6"^^ . . . "Katzourakis, A." . . "Rodiny endogenn\u00EDch retrovir\u016F (ERV) vznikly odvozen\u00EDm od sv\u00FDch exogenn\u00EDch prot\u011Bj\u0161k\u016F procesem infekce z\u00E1rode\u010Dn\u00FDch bun\u011Bk a proliferace v hostitelsk\u00E9m genomu. \u0158ada rodin lidsk\u00FDch a my\u0161\u00EDch genom\u016F dnes obsahuje mnoho set element\u016F a i kdy\u017E byly navr\u017Eeny r\u016Fzn\u00E9 varianty, mechanismus jejich proliferace je nejasn\u00FD. K vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ED tohoto mechanismu jsme rekonstruovali pom\u011Br nesynonymn\u00EDch a synonymn\u00EDch zm\u011Bn a nabyt\u00ED stop kodon\u016F b\u011Bhem evoluce rodiny lidsk\u00FDch ERV HERV-K(HML2). Ukazujeme, \u017Ee v\u0161echny geny v\u010Detn\u011B env, kter\u00FD je nezbytn\u00FD pouze pro p\u0159enos mezi bu\u0148kami, byly po st\u00E1lou o\u010Distnou selekc\u00ED. Tento poznatek v\u00FDrazn\u011B nazna\u010Duje, \u017Ee proliferace t\u00E9to rodiny byla t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 zcela zaji\u0161t\u011Bna reinfekc\u00ED z\u00E1rode\u010Dn\u00FDch bun\u011Bk a ne retrotranspozic\u00ED v cis \u010Di komplementac\u00ED v trans a \u017Ee infek\u010Dn\u00ED z\u00E1soba endogenn\u00EDch retrovir\u016F p\u0159etrvala v linii prim\u00E1t\u016F v pr\u016Fb\u011Bhu posledn\u00EDch 30 milion\u016F let. Jeliko\u017E mnoho element\u016F v t\u00E9to z\u00E1sob\u011B by muselo b\u00FDt nefixovan\u00FDch, je mo\u017En\u00E9, \u017Ee rodina HERV-K(HML2) v sou\u010Dasnosti st\u00E1le je\u0161t\u011B obsahuje infe..."@cs . "US - Spojen\u00E9 st\u00E1ty americk\u00E9" . . "Pereira, V." . "14" . "1"^^ . . "endogenous retroviruses; human genome; HERV"@en . . . . "Belshaw, R." . . "Endogenous retrovirus (ERV) families are derived from their exogenous counterparts by means of a process of germ-line infection and proliferation within the host genome. Several families in the human and mouse genomes now consist of many hundreds of elements and, although several candidates have been proposed, the mechanism behind this proliferation has remained uncertain. To investigate this mechanism, we reconstructed the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous changes and the acquisition of stop codons during the evolution of the human ERV family HERV-K(HML2). We show that all genes, including the env gene, which is necessary only for movement between cells, have been under continuous purifying selection. This finding strongly suggests that the proliferation of this family has been almost entirely due to germ-line reinfection, rather than retrotransposition in cis or complementation in trans, and that an infectious pool of endogenous retroviruses has persisted within the primate lin..."@en . "Long-term reinfection of the human genome by endogenous retroviruses" . . . "101" . . "Long-term reinfection of the human genome by endogenous retroviruses"@en . "6"^^ . "RIV/68378050:_____/04:00105341" . "Burt, A." . . "4894;4899" . "Talbot, G." .