"Karlova Stud\u00E1nka" . "http://www.ocelari.cz/files/proceedings/18/reports/2467.pdf" . "kovy vz\u00E1cn\u00FDch zemin; cer; mikrostruktura; krystalizace; nekovov\u00E9 vm\u011Bstky"@en . "Sborn\u00EDk 30. ro\u010Dn\u00EDku konference Ocel\u00E1\u0159i 2014" . "V posledn\u00EDch letech se setk\u00E1v\u00E1me se st\u00E1le rostouc\u00EDmi po\u017Eadavky na ocelov\u00E9 v\u00FDrobky. V\u00FDsledn\u00E9 vlastnosti ocel\u00ED lze m\u011Bnit v \u0161irok\u00E9m rozmez\u00ED d\u00EDky optimalizaci jejich mikrostruktury. Jedn\u00EDm z kl\u00ED\u010Dov\u00FDch parametr\u016F je velikost zrna. V sou\u010Dasn\u00E9 dob\u011B nejsou u v\u00FDroby oceli roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159eny postupy rafinace struktury na rozd\u00EDl od litiny a slitin hlin\u00EDku, kde se takov\u00E9 prost\u0159edky pro rafinaci mikrostruktury p\u0159i tuhnut\u00ED vyu\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED v \u0161irok\u00E9m m\u011B\u0159\u00EDtku. Zaveden\u00EDm sekund\u00E1rn\u00ED metalurgie bylo dosa\u017Eeno v\u00FDrazn\u00E9ho zlep\u0161en\u00ED vlastnost\u00ED ocel\u00ED nastaven\u00EDm \u00FAzk\u00E9ho v\u00FDrobn\u00EDho chemick\u00E9ho slo\u017Een\u00ED a sn\u00ED\u017Een\u00EDm obsahu, p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u011B modifikac\u00ED nekovov\u00FDch vm\u011Bstk\u016F. \u0160kodliv\u00FD vliv vm\u011Bstk\u016F na vlastnosti ocel\u00ED vypl\u00FDv\u00E1 z jejich schopnosti p\u016Fsobit jako inicia\u010Dn\u00ED zdroje mikro-dutin a trhlin v oceli. Proto je pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n\u00ED \u010Dist\u00FDch ocel\u00ED obvykle pova\u017Eov\u00E1no za v\u00FDhodn\u00E9, a to jak z hlediska pevnosti, tak z hlediska \u00FAnavy. V posledn\u00ED dob\u011B byl zji\u0161t\u011Bn prosp\u011B\u0161n\u00FD vliv nekovov\u00FDch vm\u011Bstk\u016F p\u0159i tuhnut\u00ED oceli a p\u0159i jej\u00ED transformaci v pevn\u00E9m stavu. S vyu\u017Eit\u00EDm vhodn\u00E9ho obsahu ur\u010Dit\u00FDch prvk\u016F lze dos\u00E1hnout jemnozrnn\u00E9 struktury. Standardn\u011B se pro zjemn\u011Bn\u00ED struktury vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 hlin\u00EDk, vanad, ale i titan. Pro zjemn\u011Bn\u00ED mikrostruktury lze ale tak\u00E9 vyu\u017E\u00EDt cer. Cer m\u00E1 velmi vysokou afinitu ke kysl\u00EDku a s\u00ED\u0159e a tvo\u0159\u00ED tak oxidy a sulfidy ceru. Byla provedena s\u00E9rie laboratorn\u00EDch experiment\u016F, p\u0159i kter\u00FDch byl do oceli p\u0159id\u00E1v\u00E1n cer v r\u016Fzn\u00E9m mno\u017Estv\u00ED. Hodnocen byl zejm\u00E9na jeho vliv na mikrostrukturu. Na z\u00E1klad\u011B v\u00FDsledk\u016F t\u011Bchto laboratorn\u00EDch zkou\u0161ek byl navr\u017Een provozn\u00ED experiment, p\u0159i kter\u00E9m byl cer legov\u00E1n do oceli. Hodnocen\u00ED vlivu ceru na vlastnosti oceli bylo provedeno jednak na ingotu, ale tak\u00E9 na v\u00FDkovku." . "Mo\u017Enosti vyu\u017Eit\u00ED KVZ pro zjemn\u011Bn\u00ED mikrostruktury oceli" . . . "Trefil, Anton\u00EDn" . "Carbol, Zden\u011Bk" . "RIV/25877950:_____/14:#0000082" . . "Bro\u017Eov\u00E1, S." . . . . "Opler, Ale\u0161" . . . "Possibilities of using of the REM to refine the steel microstructure"@en . "30835" . "Jon\u0161ta, Petr" . "RIV/25877950:_____/14:#0000082!RIV15-TA0-25877950" . . . . . . . "Mo\u017Enosti vyu\u017Eit\u00ED KVZ pro zjemn\u011Bn\u00ED mikrostruktury oceli" . "2014-04-03+02:00"^^ . "8"^^ . "Possibilities of using of the REM to refine the steel microstructure"@en . "In recent years, we meet with growing demand for steel products. The resulting steel properties can be varied over a wide range by optimizing the microstructure. One of the key parameter is the grain size. Steel quality has been greatly improved by using secondary metallurgy, mainly characteristics of steel such as narrow chemical composition and reducing the content of nonmetallic inclusions. A detrimental effect of inclusions on steel properties arises from their ability to act as initiation source of micro-cavities and cracks in the steel. Therefore, the use of clean steels is normally considered advantageous both in terms of strength and in terms of fatigue. Recently, a beneficial effect of nonmetallic inclusions was found during the solidification of the steel and its transformation in the solid state. Using the appropriate content of certain elements can be achieved fine structure. By default, the grain refining utilizes aluminum, vanadium, as well as titanium. For the refinement of the microstructure can be also used cerium. Cerium has a very high affinity for oxygen and sulfur, thus forming cerium oxides and sulfides. A series of laboratory experiments was carried out, during which cerium in different quantities was added into the steel. Particular effect on the microstructure was evaluated. Operational experiment was designed, in which the cerium was added into steel based on the results of these laboratory tests. Assessment of the influence of cerium on steel properties was performed both on the ingot, but also on the forging."@en . "P(TA03010161)" . . "Mo\u017Enosti vyu\u017Eit\u00ED KVZ pro zjemn\u011Bn\u00ED mikrostruktury oceli"@cs . "7"^^ . . "5"^^ . . . . "Mo\u017Enosti vyu\u017Eit\u00ED KVZ pro zjemn\u011Bn\u00ED mikrostruktury oceli"@cs . "Ostrava" . "Machov\u010D\u00E1k, Pavel" . . . "V posledn\u00EDch letech se setk\u00E1v\u00E1me se st\u00E1le rostouc\u00EDmi po\u017Eadavky na ocelov\u00E9 v\u00FDrobky. V\u00FDsledn\u00E9 vlastnosti ocel\u00ED lze m\u011Bnit v \u0161irok\u00E9m rozmez\u00ED d\u00EDky optimalizaci jejich mikrostruktury. Jedn\u00EDm z kl\u00ED\u010Dov\u00FDch parametr\u016F je velikost zrna. V sou\u010Dasn\u00E9 dob\u011B nejsou u v\u00FDroby oceli roz\u0161\u00ED\u0159eny postupy rafinace struktury na rozd\u00EDl od litiny a slitin hlin\u00EDku, kde se takov\u00E9 prost\u0159edky pro rafinaci mikrostruktury p\u0159i tuhnut\u00ED vyu\u017E\u00EDvaj\u00ED v \u0161irok\u00E9m m\u011B\u0159\u00EDtku. Zaveden\u00EDm sekund\u00E1rn\u00ED metalurgie bylo dosa\u017Eeno v\u00FDrazn\u00E9ho zlep\u0161en\u00ED vlastnost\u00ED ocel\u00ED nastaven\u00EDm \u00FAzk\u00E9ho v\u00FDrobn\u00EDho chemick\u00E9ho slo\u017Een\u00ED a sn\u00ED\u017Een\u00EDm obsahu, p\u0159\u00EDpadn\u011B modifikac\u00ED nekovov\u00FDch vm\u011Bstk\u016F. \u0160kodliv\u00FD vliv vm\u011Bstk\u016F na vlastnosti ocel\u00ED vypl\u00FDv\u00E1 z jejich schopnosti p\u016Fsobit jako inicia\u010Dn\u00ED zdroje mikro-dutin a trhlin v oceli. Proto je pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n\u00ED \u010Dist\u00FDch ocel\u00ED obvykle pova\u017Eov\u00E1no za v\u00FDhodn\u00E9, a to jak z hlediska pevnosti, tak z hlediska \u00FAnavy. V posledn\u00ED dob\u011B byl zji\u0161t\u011Bn prosp\u011B\u0161n\u00FD vliv nekovov\u00FDch vm\u011Bstk\u016F p\u0159i tuhnut\u00ED oceli a p\u0159i jej\u00ED transformaci v pevn\u00E9m stavu. S vyu\u017Eit\u00EDm vhodn\u00E9ho obsahu ur\u010Dit\u00FDch prvk\u016F lze dos\u00E1hnout jemnozrnn\u00E9 struktury. Standardn\u011B se pro zjemn\u011Bn\u00ED struktury vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 hlin\u00EDk, vanad, ale i titan. Pro zjemn\u011Bn\u00ED mikrostruktury lze ale tak\u00E9 vyu\u017E\u00EDt cer. Cer m\u00E1 velmi vysokou afinitu ke kysl\u00EDku a s\u00ED\u0159e a tvo\u0159\u00ED tak oxidy a sulfidy ceru. Byla provedena s\u00E9rie laboratorn\u00EDch experiment\u016F, p\u0159i kter\u00FDch byl do oceli p\u0159id\u00E1v\u00E1n cer v r\u016Fzn\u00E9m mno\u017Estv\u00ED. Hodnocen byl zejm\u00E9na jeho vliv na mikrostrukturu. Na z\u00E1klad\u011B v\u00FDsledk\u016F t\u011Bchto laboratorn\u00EDch zkou\u0161ek byl navr\u017Een provozn\u00ED experiment, p\u0159i kter\u00E9m byl cer legov\u00E1n do oceli. Hodnocen\u00ED vlivu ceru na vlastnosti oceli bylo provedeno jednak na ingotu, ale tak\u00E9 na v\u00FDkovku."@cs . "[53A117696CDE]" . "978-80-87294-49-9" . "Meleck\u00FD, J." . . "Dr\u00E1pala, J." . "TANGER spol. s r.o." .