"RIV/25173154:_____/10:#0000170" . . "Constructed wetlands; Czech Republic; Horizontal subsurface flow; On site treatment; wastewater treatment"@en . . . "Vymazal, Jan" . "Constructed Wetlands in the Czech Republic: 20 Years of Experience" . "1"^^ . "Constructed Wetlands in the Czech Republic: 20 Years of Experience" . "RIV/25173154:_____/10:#0000170!RIV11-MSM-25173154" . . "1"^^ . . "P(ME 876)" . . "Dortrecht" . "978-90-481-9584-8" . . "Water and Nutrient Management in Natural and Constructed Wetlands" . . . "Constructed Wetlands in the Czech Republic: 20 Years of Experience"@en . . "[BED4AB685D12]" . . "Springer Science+Business Media" . . "Constructed Wetlands in the Czech Republic: 20 Years of Experience"@en . "251899" . "375"^^ . . "10"^^ . . "Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used in the Czech Republic since 1989. At present, about 250 systems are in operation. The majority of constructed wetlands were built either as on-site treatment systems or for small communities up to 500 PE (population equivalent). The average specific area of filtration beds is 5.1 m2 PE-1 but the specific area varies between 0.7 and 16.7 m2 PE-1. Crushed rock and gravel 4-8 mm or 8-16 mm are the most commonly used filtration material. Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinacea are the most frequently used plants. Removal of BOD5, COD and suspended solids is very high with respective median treatment efficiencies of 90%, 81% and 90%. Removal of nutrients is much lower but there are no discharge limits for treatment plants up to 500 PE in the Czech Republic. Therefore, constructed wetlands in the Czech Republic are designed according to the requirements for the removal of organics and suspended solids."@en . . "Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used in the Czech Republic since 1989. At present, about 250 systems are in operation. The majority of constructed wetlands were built either as on-site treatment systems or for small communities up to 500 PE (population equivalent). The average specific area of filtration beds is 5.1 m2 PE-1 but the specific area varies between 0.7 and 16.7 m2 PE-1. Crushed rock and gravel 4-8 mm or 8-16 mm are the most commonly used filtration material. Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinacea are the most frequently used plants. Removal of BOD5, COD and suspended solids is very high with respective median treatment efficiencies of 90%, 81% and 90%. Removal of nutrients is much lower but there are no discharge limits for treatment plants up to 500 PE in the Czech Republic. Therefore, constructed wetlands in the Czech Republic are designed according to the requirements for the removal of organics and suspended solids." . . .