. "NANOPATOLOGIE - nov\u00FD v\u011Bdeck\u00FD obor. Minireview" . . "Ma\u010D\u00E1k, Jirka" . "Nanopathology as a new scientific discipline. Minireview"@en . "N\u00E1lezy \u010D\u00E1stic kov\u016F v patologicky zm\u011Bn\u011Bn\u00FDch tk\u00E1n\u00EDch, jako jsou z\u00E1n\u011Btliv\u00E9 l\u00E9ze, n\u00E1dory a jin\u00E9, vedly k my\u0161lence, \u017Ee mohou souviset se vznikem n\u011Bkter\u00FDch idiopatick\u00FDch chorob. Pro pochopen\u00ED etiopatogeneze nemoc\u00ED, spojen\u00FDch s p\u0159\u00EDtomnost\u00ED nano- a mikro\u010D\u00E1stic v organizmu, vznikla nov\u00E1 oblast patologie - nanopatologie. \u010Cetn\u00E9 v\u00FDzkumy prok\u00E1zaly, \u017Ee nano\u010D\u00E1stice mohou vstupovat do lidsk\u00E9ho organizmu vdechov\u00E1n\u00EDm nebo po\u017Eit\u00EDm. Pr\u016Fchodem p\u0159es plicn\u00ED alveoly, k\u016F\u017Ei nebo st\u0159evn\u00ED sliznici se dost\u00E1vaj\u00ED do krve a lymfy, kdy jsou d\u00E1le rozv\u00E1d\u011Bny do dal\u0161\u00EDch org\u00E1n\u016F. Existuje \u0159ada studi\u00ED, ve kter\u00FDch byl pops\u00E1n negativn\u00ED vliv ultrajemn\u00FDch \u010D\u00E1stic na respira\u010Dn\u00ED a kardiovaskul\u00E1rn\u00ED syst\u00E9m. Rovn\u011B\u017E doch\u00E1z\u00ED k ukl\u00E1d\u00E1n\u00ED t\u011Bchto \u010D\u00E1stic v tk\u00E1n\u00EDch. V\u00FDzkumy tak\u00E9 prok\u00E1zaly, \u017Ee n\u011Bkter\u00E9 nano\u010D\u00E1stice jsou schopny proch\u00E1zet p\u00F3ry jadern\u00E9 membr\u00E1ny, kdy hroz\u00ED riziko po\u0161kozen\u00ED genetick\u00E9 informace bu\u0148ky. Rovn\u011B\u017E jsou schopny proch\u00E1zet p\u0159es hematoencefalickou a placent\u00E1rn\u00ED bari\u00E9ru. Nelze tak\u00E9 opomenout jejich \u00FAlohu v indukci oxidativn\u00EDho stresu. Hlavn\u00EDm n\u00E1strojem k identifikaci t\u011Bchto \u010D\u00E1stic je skenovac\u00ED elektronov\u00E1 mikroskopie s energiov\u011B disperzn\u00ED spektroskopi\u00ED (ESEM-EDS). Na z\u00E1klad\u011B tohoto vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ED lze zjistit p\u0159ibli\u017Enou velikost, morfologii a element\u00E1rn\u00ED slo\u017Een\u00ED \u010D\u00E1stic. Chyb\u00ED v\u0161ak metodika, kter\u00E1 by umo\u017Enila kvantitativn\u00ED hodnocen\u00ED. Potenci\u00E1l nanopatologie lze spat\u0159ovat v objasn\u011Bn\u00ED etiopatogeneze \u0159ady onemocn\u011Bn\u00ED a to nejenom respira\u010Dn\u00EDho, kardiovaskul\u00E1rn\u00EDho, ale i \u0159ady dal\u0161\u00EDch org\u00E1nov\u00FDch syst\u00E9m\u016F" . "3"^^ . . . "CZ - \u010Cesk\u00E1 republika" . "5"^^ . "The detection of metal particles in the pathologically altered tissues (eg. in inflammatory lesions or tumors) led to the idea that they might be associated with emergence of some idiopathic diseases. To understand the etiopathogenesis of diseases associated with the presence of nanoparticles in the tissue there is a new area of patology - nanopathology. Numerous studies have shown that nanoparticles can enter the human body through inhalation or ingestion. Through the pulmonary alveoli, skin and intestinal mucosa, the nanoparticles may reach the blood and lymphatic system, which subsequently distributes them to other target organs. Epithelial surfaces of conjunctiva and skin represent another potential way of penetration of nanoparticles into the body. There is a number of studies, which described the adverse effects of ultrafine particles on respiratory and cardiovascular system. Recent studies have also shown that some nanoparticles are able to pass through the pores of the nuclear membrane, where they may pose a risk of damage to cells and genetic information and they are also potentially capable to cross the placental and hematoencephalic barriers. Further, their role in the induction of oxidative stress is significant in relation to the mutagenesis. Scanning electron microscopy with energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) represents a suitable tool for identification of metal-based particles in tissues and body fluids. Importance of nanopathogy can be seen in the elucidation of the etiopathogenesis of many diseases, not only of respiratory and cardiovascular systems, but also of many other organ systems"@en . . "RIV/00843989:_____/13:00102963!RIV14-MZ0-00843989" . "3"^^ . "V" . . "Dvo\u0159\u00E1\u010Dkov\u00E1, Jana" . "1210-7875" . . . "Bielnikov\u00E1, Hana" . . "Nanopathology as a new scientific discipline. Minireview"@en . . "49" . "RIV/00843989:_____/13:00102963" . "1" . "90612" . . "\u010Cesko-slovensk\u00E1 patologie a soudn\u00ED l\u00E9ka\u0159stv\u00ED" . . "[BF9C7728043B]" . . "NANOPATOLOGIE - nov\u00FD v\u011Bdeck\u00FD obor. Minireview"@cs . "NANOPATOLOGIE - nov\u00FD v\u011Bdeck\u00FD obor. Minireview"@cs . "nanoparticles; nanopathology; diseases of nanoparticles (nanopathologies); ESEM-EDS"@en . . . "NANOPATOLOGIE - nov\u00FD v\u011Bdeck\u00FD obor. Minireview" . . . . "N\u00E1lezy \u010D\u00E1stic kov\u016F v patologicky zm\u011Bn\u011Bn\u00FDch tk\u00E1n\u00EDch, jako jsou z\u00E1n\u011Btliv\u00E9 l\u00E9ze, n\u00E1dory a jin\u00E9, vedly k my\u0161lence, \u017Ee mohou souviset se vznikem n\u011Bkter\u00FDch idiopatick\u00FDch chorob. Pro pochopen\u00ED etiopatogeneze nemoc\u00ED, spojen\u00FDch s p\u0159\u00EDtomnost\u00ED nano- a mikro\u010D\u00E1stic v organizmu, vznikla nov\u00E1 oblast patologie - nanopatologie. \u010Cetn\u00E9 v\u00FDzkumy prok\u00E1zaly, \u017Ee nano\u010D\u00E1stice mohou vstupovat do lidsk\u00E9ho organizmu vdechov\u00E1n\u00EDm nebo po\u017Eit\u00EDm. Pr\u016Fchodem p\u0159es plicn\u00ED alveoly, k\u016F\u017Ei nebo st\u0159evn\u00ED sliznici se dost\u00E1vaj\u00ED do krve a lymfy, kdy jsou d\u00E1le rozv\u00E1d\u011Bny do dal\u0161\u00EDch org\u00E1n\u016F. Existuje \u0159ada studi\u00ED, ve kter\u00FDch byl pops\u00E1n negativn\u00ED vliv ultrajemn\u00FDch \u010D\u00E1stic na respira\u010Dn\u00ED a kardiovaskul\u00E1rn\u00ED syst\u00E9m. Rovn\u011B\u017E doch\u00E1z\u00ED k ukl\u00E1d\u00E1n\u00ED t\u011Bchto \u010D\u00E1stic v tk\u00E1n\u00EDch. V\u00FDzkumy tak\u00E9 prok\u00E1zaly, \u017Ee n\u011Bkter\u00E9 nano\u010D\u00E1stice jsou schopny proch\u00E1zet p\u00F3ry jadern\u00E9 membr\u00E1ny, kdy hroz\u00ED riziko po\u0161kozen\u00ED genetick\u00E9 informace bu\u0148ky. Rovn\u011B\u017E jsou schopny proch\u00E1zet p\u0159es hematoencefalickou a placent\u00E1rn\u00ED bari\u00E9ru. Nelze tak\u00E9 opomenout jejich \u00FAlohu v indukci oxidativn\u00EDho stresu. Hlavn\u00EDm n\u00E1strojem k identifikaci t\u011Bchto \u010D\u00E1stic je skenovac\u00ED elektronov\u00E1 mikroskopie s energiov\u011B disperzn\u00ED spektroskopi\u00ED (ESEM-EDS). Na z\u00E1klad\u011B tohoto vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ED lze zjistit p\u0159ibli\u017Enou velikost, morfologii a element\u00E1rn\u00ED slo\u017Een\u00ED \u010D\u00E1stic. Chyb\u00ED v\u0161ak metodika, kter\u00E1 by umo\u017Enila kvantitativn\u00ED hodnocen\u00ED. Potenci\u00E1l nanopatologie lze spat\u0159ovat v objasn\u011Bn\u00ED etiopatogeneze \u0159ady onemocn\u011Bn\u00ED a to nejenom respira\u010Dn\u00EDho, kardiovaskul\u00E1rn\u00EDho, ale i \u0159ady dal\u0161\u00EDch org\u00E1nov\u00FDch syst\u00E9m\u016F"@cs .