. "The nature of E1 low-energy strength (LES), often denoted as a %22pygmy dipole resonance%22, is analyzed within the random-phase approximation (RPA) in Pb-208 using Skyrme forces in a fully self-consistent manner. A first overview is given by the strength functions for the dipole, compressional, and toroidal operators. More detailed insight is gained by averaged transition densities and currents where the latter provide a very illustrative flow pattern. The analysis reveals clear isoscalar toroidal flow in the low-energy bin 6.0-8.8 MeV of the LES and a mixed isoscalar/isovector toroidal/compression flow in the higher bin 8.8-10.5 MeV. Thus the modes covered by LES embrace both vortical and irrotational motion. The simple collective picture of the LES as a %22pygmy%22 mode (oscillations of the neutron excess against the nuclear core) is not confirmed. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.87.024305"@en . "2"^^ . "Reinhard, P. -G." . "4"^^ . "11320" . "RIV/00216208:11320/13:10191514!RIV14-GA0-11320___" . "[573EEB8817E1]" . "neutron; nuclei; sum-rules; dipole mode"@en . "000314684000003" . . . "Toroidal nature of the low-energy E1 mode"@en . . "The nature of E1 low-energy strength (LES), often denoted as a %22pygmy dipole resonance%22, is analyzed within the random-phase approximation (RPA) in Pb-208 using Skyrme forces in a fully self-consistent manner. A first overview is given by the strength functions for the dipole, compressional, and toroidal operators. More detailed insight is gained by averaged transition densities and currents where the latter provide a very illustrative flow pattern. The analysis reveals clear isoscalar toroidal flow in the low-energy bin 6.0-8.8 MeV of the LES and a mixed isoscalar/isovector toroidal/compression flow in the higher bin 8.8-10.5 MeV. Thus the modes covered by LES embrace both vortical and irrotational motion. The simple collective picture of the LES as a %22pygmy%22 mode (oscillations of the neutron excess against the nuclear core) is not confirmed. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.87.024305" . . "Nesterenko, V. O." . "Toroidal nature of the low-energy E1 mode"@en . . "6"^^ . "I, P(GA13-07117S), Z(MSM0021620859)" . "87" . . "Toroidal nature of the low-energy E1 mode" . "Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics" . . . . "0556-2813" . . "Kvasil, Jan" . . . "RIV/00216208:11320/13:10191514" . "US - Spojen\u00E9 st\u00E1ty americk\u00E9" . . . "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.87.024305" . . "Repko, Anton" . "111296" . "10.1103/PhysRevC.87.024305" . . . . "2" . . . "Toroidal nature of the low-energy E1 mode" .