. "2014" . "http://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/359179/" . "Winder, Michael" . . "Nitric oxide (NO) has pivotal roles in cyclophosphamide-(CYP-) induced cystitis during which mucosal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and muscarinic M5 receptor expressions are upregulated. In cystitis, urothelial muscarinic NO-linked effects hamper contractility. Therefore we wondered if a blockade of this axis also affects the induction of cystitis in the rat. Rats were pretreated with saline, the muscarinic receptor antagonist 4-DAMP (1mg/kg ip), or the NOS inhibitor L-NAME (30mg/kg ip) for five days. 60 h before the experiments the rats were treated with saline or CYP. Methacholine-, ATP-, and adenosine-evoked responses were smaller in preparations from CYP-treated rats than from saline-treated ones. Pretreatment with 4-DAMP did not change this relation, while pretreatment with L-NAME normalized the responses in the CYP-treated animals. The functional results were strengthened by the morphological observations; 4-DAMP pretreatment did not affect the parameters studied, namely, expression of muscarinic M5 receptors, P1A1 purinoceptors, mast cell distribution, or bladder wall enlargement. However, pretreatment with L-NAME attenuated the differences. Thus, the current study provides new insights into the complex mechanisms behind CYP-induced cystitis. The NO effects coupled to urothelial muscarinic receptors have a minor role in the development of cystitis. Inhibition of NOS may prevent the progression of cystitis." . . . "Nitric oxide (NO) has pivotal roles in cyclophosphamide-(CYP-) induced cystitis during which mucosal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and muscarinic M5 receptor expressions are upregulated. In cystitis, urothelial muscarinic NO-linked effects hamper contractility. Therefore we wondered if a blockade of this axis also affects the induction of cystitis in the rat. Rats were pretreated with saline, the muscarinic receptor antagonist 4-DAMP (1mg/kg ip), or the NOS inhibitor L-NAME (30mg/kg ip) for five days. 60 h before the experiments the rats were treated with saline or CYP. Methacholine-, ATP-, and adenosine-evoked responses were smaller in preparations from CYP-treated rats than from saline-treated ones. Pretreatment with 4-DAMP did not change this relation, while pretreatment with L-NAME normalized the responses in the CYP-treated animals. The functional results were strengthened by the morphological observations; 4-DAMP pretreatment did not affect the parameters studied, namely, expression of muscarinic M5 receptors, P1A1 purinoceptors, mast cell distribution, or bladder wall enlargement. However, pretreatment with L-NAME attenuated the differences. Thus, the current study provides new insights into the complex mechanisms behind CYP-induced cystitis. The NO effects coupled to urothelial muscarinic receptors have a minor role in the development of cystitis. Inhibition of NOS may prevent the progression of cystitis."@en . . "RIV/00216208:11160/14:10282162!RIV15-MSM-11160___" . . "Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase Prevents Muscarinic and Purinergic Functional Changes and Development of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in the Rat"@en . . . "Johnsson, Martin" . . . "21851" . . "10.1155/2014/359179" . "I, S" . "000337415900001" . "Ws\u00F3l, Vladim\u00EDr" . "RIV/00216208:11160/14:10282162" . . . "2314-6133" . . . . . "Aronsson, Patrik" . "release; expression; mast-cells; up-regulation; conscious rats; receptor subtypes; bladder inflammation; interstitial cystitis; lower urinary-tract; induced hemorrhagic cystitis"@en . "2"^^ . "June" . . "Vesel\u00E1, Renata" . . "BioMed Research International" . . "12"^^ . . "Tobin, Gunnar" . "7"^^ . "US - Spojen\u00E9 st\u00E1ty americk\u00E9" . . "[045E399158CE]" . "Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase Prevents Muscarinic and Purinergic Functional Changes and Development of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in the Rat" . . "Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase Prevents Muscarinic and Purinergic Functional Changes and Development of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in the Rat" . "Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase Prevents Muscarinic and Purinergic Functional Changes and Development of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in the Rat"@en . "Tayem, Yasin" . "11160" .