. . "The hypothesis was tested that the preorbital gland is closed in a relaxed calf and opened in a stressed calf. Preorbital opening was observed in newborn red deer farm calves during a regular daily routine consisting of a search for newborn calves, their inspection, weighing, and painful marking with an ear tag. All calves observed opened their preorbital gland during their manipulation, at least by the time the ear was punctured by the ear tag. The proportion of individuals with an open gland was lower (P < 0.001) before than during manipulation (7.3 % vs. 100 %, respectively). Hence, openness of the preorbital gland in newborn red deer calves was associated with a stressful manipulation by the humans, which suggests that it may be a simple and easily recognized indicator of calf stress." . . . "Technick\u00E1 pozn\u00E1mka: Otev\u00EDr\u00E1n\u00ED slzn\u00EDk\u016F u kolouch\u016F jelena evropsk\u00E9ho (Cervus elaphus) jako indik\u00E1tor stresu"@cs . . . . . . "Technical note: Preorbital gland opening in red deer (Cervus elaphus) calves as an indicator of stress" . . "RIV/00027014:_____/07:#0000443!RIV08-MZE-00027014" . "Barto\u0161, Lud\u011Bk" . "Cervus elaphus; excitement; preorbital gland opening; red deer calf; stress"@en . . "US - Spojen\u00E9 st\u00E1ty americk\u00E9" . . "Z(MSM6046070901), Z(MZE0002701402)" . "2" . . "RIV/00027014:_____/07:#0000443" . "Technick\u00E1 pozn\u00E1mka: Otev\u00EDr\u00E1n\u00ED slzn\u00EDk\u016F u kolouch\u016F jelena evropsk\u00E9ho (Cervus elaphus) jako indik\u00E1tor stresu"@cs . "Barto\u0161ov\u00E1-V\u00EDchov\u00E1, Jitka" . "Technical note: Preorbital gland opening in red deer (Cervus elaphus) calves as an indicator of stress" . . "Technical note: Preorbital gland opening in red deer (Cervus elaphus) calves as an indicator of stress"@en . "Journal of Animal Science" . "[2251128A1832]" . "0021-8812" . "494-496" . "3"^^ . "Technical note: Preorbital gland opening in red deer (Cervus elaphus) calves as an indicator of stress"@en . "3"^^ . . "454230" . . "85" . . . "Byla testov\u00E1na hypot\u00E9za, \u017Ee kolou\u0161i v klidu maj\u00ED zav\u0159en\u00E9 slzn\u00EDky, zat\u00EDmco stresovan\u00ED maj\u00ED slzn\u00EDky otev\u0159en\u00E9. Otev\u00EDr\u00E1n\u00ED slzn\u00EDk\u016F bylo sledov\u00E1no u novorozen\u00FDch kolouch\u016F jelena evropsk\u00E9ho ve farmov\u00E9m chovu v pr\u016Fb\u011Bhu pravideln\u00E9 denn\u00ED \u010Dinnosti \u2013 vyhled\u00E1v\u00E1n\u00ED novorozen\u00FDch kolouch\u016F, jejich prohl\u00EDdka, v\u00E1\u017Een\u00ED a bolestiv\u00E9 ozna\u010Dov\u00E1n\u00ED u\u0161n\u00ED zna\u010Dkou. V\u0161ichni sledovan\u00ED kolou\u0161i b\u011Bhem manipulace slzn\u00EDky otev\u0159eli, nejpozd\u011Bji p\u0159i prop\u00EDchnut\u00ED boltce u\u0161n\u00ED zna\u010Dkou. Pod\u00EDl jedinc\u016F s otev\u0159en\u00FDmi slzn\u00EDky byl ni\u017E\u0161\u00ED (P < 0,001) p\u0159ed manipulac\u00ED (7,3%) ne\u017E b\u011Bhem n\u00ED (100 %). Otev\u0159en\u00ED slzn\u00EDku u novorozen\u00FDch kolouch\u016F jelena evropsk\u00E9ho tedy souviselo se stresuj\u00EDc\u00ED manipulac\u00ED \u010Dlov\u011Bkem, co\u017E nazna\u010Duje, \u017Ee tento jev je jednoduch\u00FDm a snadno rozpoznateln\u00FDm ukazatelem stresu u kolouch\u016F."@cs . "3"^^ . . "The hypothesis was tested that the preorbital gland is closed in a relaxed calf and opened in a stressed calf. Preorbital opening was observed in newborn red deer farm calves during a regular daily routine consisting of a search for newborn calves, their inspection, weighing, and painful marking with an ear tag. All calves observed opened their preorbital gland during their manipulation, at least by the time the ear was punctured by the ear tag. The proportion of individuals with an open gland was lower (P < 0.001) before than during manipulation (7.3 % vs. 100 %, respectively). Hence, openness of the preorbital gland in newborn red deer calves was associated with a stressful manipulation by the humans, which suggests that it may be a simple and easily recognized indicator of calf stress."@en .