. . "2015-03-20+01:00"^^ . " fallow deer" . . "Behavior\u00E1ln\u00ED funkce rozev\u00EDr\u00E1n\u00ED pre-orbit\u00E1ln\u00ED \u017El\u00E1zy u jelena evropsk\u00E9ho a da\u0148ka skvrnit\u00E9ho" . "GP523/08/P301" . . . "Behavioural function of pre-orbital gland opening in red and fallow deer"@en . . "http://www.isvav.cz/projectDetail.do?rowId=GP523/08/P301"^^ . . . "V r\u00E1mci projektu jsme z\u00EDskali dostate\u010Dn\u00E1 data pro zodpov\u011Bzen\u00ED v\u0161ech ot\u00E1zek polo\u017Een\u00FDch v projektu. Prok\u00E1zali jsme souvislost rozev\u00EDr\u00E1n\u00ED pre-orbit\u00E1ln\u00EDch \u017El\u00E1z (slzn\u00EDk\u016F) se stresovou z\u00E1t\u011B\u017E\u00ED; rozev\u00EDr\u00E1n\u00ED slzn\u00EDk\u016F jako kl\u00ED\u010Dovou sou\u010D\u00E1st chov\u00E1n\u00ED koloucha p\u0159i kojen\u00ED a souvislost s uspokojov\u00E1n\u00EDm jeho pot\u0159eb; v\u00FDrazn\u00FD sez\u00F3nn\u00ED efekt zejm\u00E9na u samc\u016F jelena evropsk\u00E9ho v dob\u011B \u0159\u00EDje, souvise"@cs . . . " red deer" . . "The project investigated manifestation of pre-orbital gland opening and its possible behavioural function and relevance in deer species under specific situations concerning with stress, social tension and/or excitement. We found that opening of the pre-orbital gland in deer was associated with following situations or circumstances: stress during individual handling in the restraint cradle; suckin"@en . "2010-12-31+01:00"^^ . "2010-04-16+02:00"^^ . . "pre-orbital gland opening; red deer; fallow deer; stress; social environment"@en . "2008-01-01+01:00"^^ . . . "1"^^ . "Pre-orbit\u00E1ln\u00ED \u017El\u00E1zy (slzn\u00EDky) hraj\u00ED u samc\u016F mnoha kopytn\u00EDk\u016F d\u016Fle\u017Eitou roli v teritori\u00E1ln\u00EDm zna\u010Den\u00ED. P\u0159esto\u017Ee je z\u0159ejm\u00E9, \u017Ee slzn\u00EDky pln\u00ED i dal\u0161\u00ED vizu\u00E1ln\u00ED a olfaktorick\u00E9 funkce, c\u00EDlen\u011B zam\u011B\u0159en\u00FDch prac\u00ED je dosud poskrovnu. C\u00EDlem p\u0159edkl\u00E1dan\u00E9ho projektu je proto objasnit rozev\u00EDr\u00E1n\u00ED slzn\u00EDk\u016F a jejich behavior\u00E1ln\u00ED v\u00FDznam u jelena evropsk\u00E9ho a da\u0148ka skvrnit\u00E9ho v\u00A0r\u016Fzn\u00FDch situac\u00EDch (stres, soci\u00E1ln\u00ED neklid, excitace). V\u00FDsledky c\u00EDlen\u011B navr\u017Een\u00FDch experiment\u016F prov\u011B\u0159\u00ED: i) individu\u00E1ln\u00ED rozd\u00EDly v\u00A0rozev\u00EDr\u00E1n\u00ED slzn\u00EDk\u016F a jejich st\u00E1lost v\u00A0reakci na podroben\u00ED zv\u00ED\u0159ete stresuj\u00EDc\u00ED procedu\u0159e; ii) habituaci rozev\u00EDr\u00E1n\u00ED slzn\u00EDk\u016F na opakuj\u00EDc\u00ED se stresuj\u00EDc\u00ED z\u00E1krok; iii) rozev\u00EDr\u00E1n\u00ED slzn\u00EDk\u016F v\u00A0prom\u011Bnliv\u00FDch soci\u00E1ln\u00EDch podm\u00EDnk\u00E1ch a iv) omezen\u00E9m prostoru; v)\u00A0sez\u00F3nn\u00ED v\u00FDkyvy v \u010Detnosti rozev\u00EDr\u00E1n\u00ED slzn\u00EDk\u016F souvisej\u00EDc\u00ED se zm\u011Bnami hormon\u00E1ln\u00ED aktivity v\u00A0r\u016Fzn\u00FDch f\u00E1z\u00EDch paro\u017En\u00EDho cyklu samc\u016F; a vi) praktick\u00E9 vyu\u017Eit\u00ED rozev\u00EDr\u00E1n\u00ED slzn\u00EDk\u016F jako snadno pozorovateln\u00E9ho obecn\u00E9ho indik\u00E1toru stresu a nepohody v\u00A0chovu jelenovit\u00FDch. Objasn\u011Bn\u00ED" . "3"^^ . . "0"^^ . . "A few studies have been focussed on other specific visual and/or olfactory functions of the pre-orbital gland in ungulates than simple scent marking by adult males. Proposed project investigates manifestation of pre-orbital opening and its possible behavioural function and relevance in red and fallow deer under specific situations concerning stress, social tension and/or excitement. Different behavioural experimental manipulations are designed to elucidate: i) individual differences and their consistency in pre-orbital opening in reaction to a stressful event; ii) habituation of pre-orbital opening to stressful events; iii) pre-orbital gland opening under unstable social conditions and iv) limited space; v) seasonal effect on pre-orbital gland opening associated with antler growth in males; and vi) pre-orbital gland opening as an indicator of discomfort or stress. Understanding of functions the pre-orbital gland serves under different situations will bring principal information"@en . " stress" . "3"^^ . "pre-orbital gland opening" . . . "0"^^ .