"0"^^ . . . "18"^^ . . . "Projekt si kladl rozumn\u00E9 teoreticko-praktick\u00E9 c\u00EDle na z\u00E1klad\u011B dob\u0159e formulovan\u00FDch v\u00FDchodisek a koncep\u010Dn\u00ED ujasn\u011Bnosti. C\u00EDlem bylo p\u0159isp\u011Bt k pochopen\u00ED p\u0159\u00ED\u010Din v\u00EDcelet\u00FDch fluktulac\u00ED v rozmno\u017Eov\u00E1n\u00ED populac\u00ED hrabo\u0161ovit\u00FDch hlodavc\u016F s perspektivou p\u0159edpov\u011Bd\u011Bt mo"@cs . . "18"^^ . "Precocious breeding: a new reproductive phenomen in voles?"@en . "Prekoci\u00E1ln\u00ED rozmno\u017Eov\u00E1n\u00ED: nov\u00FD fenomen v reprodukci hrabo\u0161ovit\u00FDch hlodavc\u016F?" . . . . . "0"^^ . "http://www.isvav.cz/projectDetail.do?rowId=GA524/96/1095"^^ . . . . "1"^^ . . "Multi-annual population fluctuations in small rodents remain an %22enigma%22 of population ecology. In high density years, these fluctuations are accompanied by a considerable loss in agriculture and forestry. Damage on seedlings are particularly severe which makes it difficult to re-forestate %22immission%22 clearings in disturbed mountain ecosystems. Despite mote than 60 years of effort devoted to population dynamics of small rodents, we are still relatively uninformed about the basic life-history traits in voles. This was demonstrated by our recent experiments on the common vole. We found out the females are capable of fertile mating as early as at 14 days of age and that this precocious breeding was attended by delivering large litters. This new reproductive phenomenon has potential to explain rapid acceleration of population growth rates leading to overcrowding. We propose an experimental, empirical and theoretical study of this phenomenon in other economically important microtine species, namely in the"@en . "GA524/96/1095" . . "V\u00EDcelet\u00E9 fluktuace populac\u00ED drobn\u00FDch hrabo\u0161ovit\u00FDch hlodavc\u016F z\u016Fst\u00E1v\u00E1 st\u00E1le velkou z\u00E1hadou popula\u010Dn\u00ED ekologie. Pr\u016Fvodn\u00EDm zjevem fluktuac\u00ED jsou zna\u010Dn\u00E9 \u0161kody, kter\u00E9 vznikaj\u00ED v letech s vysolou hustotou v zem\u011Bd\u011Blstv\u00ED a lesnictv\u00ED. Zvl\u00E1\u0161t\u011B citeln\u00E9 jsou \u0161kody namlad\u00FDch porostech d\u0159evin, kter\u00E9 znesnad\u0148uj\u00ED zales\u0148ov\u00E1n\u00ED imisn\u00EDch holin v na\u0161ich naru\u0161en\u00FDch horsk\u00FDch ekosyst\u00E9mech. P\u0159esto\u017Ee se popula\u010Dn\u00ED dynamice hlodavc\u016F v\u011Bnuje velk\u00E1 pozornost po cel\u00E9m sv\u011Bt\u011B ji\u017E v\u00EDce ne\u017E 60 let, jsme st\u00E1le m\u00E1lo informov\u00E1ni o d\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00FDch rysech jejich \u017Eivota. To dokazuj\u00ED na\u0161e experimenty na hrabo\u0161i poln\u00EDm proveden\u00E9 v posledn\u00EDch letech. Zjistili jsme, \u017Ee samice maj\u00ED schopnost plodn\u00E9ho p\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED ji\u017E ve 14 dnech v\u011Bku a \u017Ee tato schopnost je nav\u00EDc spojena s rozen\u00EDm velk\u00FDch vrh\u016F. Tento nov\u00FD repr oduk\u010Dn\u00ED fenomen je schopen vysv\u011Btlit prudkou akceleraci popula\u010Dn\u00EDho r\u016Fstu, kter\u00E1 vede k p\u0159emno\u017Een\u00ED. V projektu navrhujeme experiment\u00E1ln\u00ED, empirick\u00E9 a teoretick\u00E9 studium tohoto jevu u dal\u0161\u00EDch ekonomicky v\u00FDznamn\u00FDch druh\u016F hrabo\u0161\u016F - hrabo\u0161e mok\u0159adn\u00EDho a norn" . . .