. . . . "0"^^ . . . "http://www.isvav.cz/projectDetail.do?rowId=GA204/00/P012"^^ . "Studium telomer u vybran\u00FDch typ\u016F n\u00E1dorov\u00FDch onemocn\u011Bn\u00ED pomoc\u00ED technik in situ" . . "Telomere study at selected types of malignancies by in situ techniques"@en . . "GA204/00/P012" . "All human chromosome ends are capped with tandem repetitions of the unit AGGGTT. These repeats are added to the chromosome ends in germ line cells by the specialized enzyme telomerase. In most somatic cells, telomerase is not active, and telomeres shorten with every round of cell division, eventually causing m\u00EEtotic arrest. To grow unlimited, cancer cells must therefore find ways to compensate for the telomeric shortening. This has been supposed to be accomplished by the reactivation of the telomerase, but tumor samples negat\u00EEve for telomerase with no telomere shortening were also reported. Apart from an increased heterogeneity in telomeric repeat sizes \u00EEn cells negative for telomerase, nothing is known about telomere appearance after alternative telomere elongation. Since the heterogeneity was obtained by the analysis of terminal restriction fragments (TRF), which generates data on average telomere sizes over a large number of pooled cells, it is not possible to determine whether the"@en . "1"^^ . . "0"^^ . "1"^^ . . . . "1"^^ . . . "Konce lidsk\u00FDch chromoz\u00F3m\u016F jsou tvo\u0159eny tandemov\u00FDmi repeticemi jednotky AGGGTT. Tyto repetice jsou v pohlavn\u00EDch bu\u0148k\u00E1ch syntetizov\u00E1ny specifick\u00FDm enzymem - telomer\u00E1zou. Ve v\u011Bt\u0161in\u011B somatick\u00FDch bun\u011Bk je telomer\u00E1za inaktivn\u00ED a telomery se zkracuj\u00ED p\u0159i ka\u017Ed\u00E9mbun\u011B\u010Dn\u00E9m d\u011Blen\u00ED, co\u017E m\u016F\u017Ee v\u00E9st k zastaven\u00ED bun\u011B\u010Dn\u00E9ho d\u011Blen\u00ED. Aby mohly n\u00E1dorov\u00E9 bu\u0148ky r\u016Fst nekontrolovan\u011B, mus\u00ED n\u011Bjak\u00FDm zp\u016Fsobem kompenzovat zkracov\u00E1n\u00ED telomer. Dlouho se p\u0159edpokl\u00E1dalo, \u017Ee toho m\u016F\u017Ee b\u00FDt dosa\u017Eeno pouze aktivac\u00ED telomer\u00E1zy, ale byly ji\u017E pops\u00E1ny i n\u00E1dory, u nich\u017E telomer\u00E1za nebyla aktivn\u00ED, ale k poklesu pr\u016Fm\u011Brn\u00E9 d\u00E9lky telomer nedo\u0161lo. Krom\u011B zv\u00FD\u0161en\u00E9 heterogenity v d\u00E9lce telomer u bun\u011Bk negativn\u00EDch na telomer\u00E1zu nen\u00ED nic zn\u00E1mo o telomer\u00E1ch prodlou\u017Een\u00FDch alternativn\u00EDm (ALT) mechanismem. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017Ee d\u00E9lkov\u00E1 heterogenita byla zji\u0161t\u011Bna anal\u00FDzou termin\u00E1ln\u00EDch restrik\u010Dn\u00EDch fragment\u016F (TRF), kter\u00E1 ud\u00E1v\u00E1 pr\u016Fm\u011Brn\u00E9 d\u00E9lky telomer z\u00EDskan\u00E9 z velk\u00E9ho po\u010Dtu bun\u011Bk, nelze ur\u010Dit, zda je zv\u00FD\u0161en\u00E1 d\u00E9lkov\u00E1 heterogenita zp\u016Fsobena zv\u00FD\u0161en\u00FDm rozd\u00EDlem v d\u00E9" . "P\u0159ed\u010Dasn\u011B ukon\u010Den\u00FD projekt z d\u016Fvodu mate\u0159sk\u00E9 dovolen\u00E9 \u0159e\u0161itelky. V\u00FDsledky naprosto odpov\u00EDdaj\u00ED dob\u011B \u0159e\u0161en\u00ED, bude d\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00E9 i za t\u011Bchto okolnost\u00ED publikov\u00E1n\u00ED v\u00FDsledk\u016F. V\u00FDstupy odpov\u00EDdaj\u00EDc\u00ED. Autorce se ji\u017E b\u011Bhem prvn\u00EDho roku poda\u0159ilo zav\u00E9st metodu diagnostik"@cs .