"1"^^ . "5"^^ . "yeast populations; long-term survival; stress; transport systems"@en . "1"^^ . "Kvasinky i jin\u00E9 mikroorganismy tvo\u0159\u00ED obvykle v p\u0159\u00EDrodn\u00EDm prost\u0159ed\u00ED mnohobun\u011B\u010Dn\u00E9 populace. Na rozd\u00EDl od jednotliv\u00E9 kvasinkov\u00E9 bu\u0148ky jsou tyto populace v p\u0159irozen\u00FDch podm\u00EDnk\u00E1ch hladov\u011Bn\u00ED schopny p\u0159e\u017E\u00EDvat mnohem d\u00E9le, i m\u011Bs\u00EDce. Podm\u00EDnkou p\u0159e\u017Eit\u00ED je p\u0159estavba exponenci\u00E1ln\u011B rostouc\u00EDch bun\u011Bk v populaci na bu\u0148ky pomalu rostouc\u00ED nebo nerostouc\u00ED, schopn\u00E9 odol\u00E1vat p\u016Fsoben\u00ED vn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch i vnit\u0159n\u00EDch stresov\u00FDch faktor\u016F. V r\u00E1mci projektu budeme studovat na koloni\u00EDch, na statick\u00FDch a t\u0159epan\u00FDch tekut\u00FDch kultur\u00E1ch t\u0159i z\u00E1kladn\u00ED mechanismy, kter\u00E9 se ve zm\u00EDn\u011Bn\u00FDch procesech uplat\u0148uj\u00ED: 1) aktivn\u00ED odstra\u0148ov\u00E1n\u00ED toxick\u00FDch l\u00E1tek a metabolit\u016F z bun\u011Bk 2) odstra\u0148ov\u00E1n\u00ED takov\u00FDch l\u00E1tek jejich p\u0159em\u011Bnou na l\u00E1tky netoxick\u00E9 p\u0159\u00EDmo v bu\u0148ce 3) metabolick\u00E9 zm\u011Bny vedouc\u00ED k adaptaci populac\u00ED k nep\u0159\u00EDzniv\u00FDm podm\u00EDnk\u00E1m. Pochopen\u00ED t\u011Bchto d\u011Bj\u016F hlavn\u011B u statick\u00FDch kultur m\u016F\u017Ee b\u00FDt p\u0159\u00EDnosem pro n\u011Bkter\u00E9 potravin\u00E1\u0159sk\u00E9 a biotechnologick\u00E9 procesy (nap\u0159. v\u00FDroba piva a v\u00EDn), kde nerostouc\u00ED populace kvasinek mus\u00ED dlouhodob\u011B p\u0159e\u017E\u00EDvat v nep\u0159\u00EDzniv\u00FDch"@cs . "2007-12-31+01:00"^^ . . "\"Molekul\u00E1rn\u00ED mechanismy uplat\u0148uj\u00EDc\u00ED se p\u0159i dlouhodob\u00E9m p\u0159e\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n\u00ED kvasinek v laboratorn\u00EDch a \"\"p\u0159\u00EDrodn\u00EDch\"\" podm\u00EDnk\u00E1ch\""@cs . . "Yeasts and other microorganisms under natural conditions often create multicellular communities. In contrast to individual cells, populations are able to survive under starvation conditions much longer, up to months. The prerequisite of this survival is a rebuilding of exponentially growing cell into non-growing or slow-growing cell able to resist cumulating intra- and extracellular stressors. Three basic mechanisms connected with long-term survival of yeast populations will be studied in colonies, static and shaken liquid cultures. They include 1) removal of toxic compounds and metabolites from cells, 2) elimination of toxic compounds by converting them into non-toxic products directly within cells and 3) metabolic changes leading to adaptation ofpopulations to unfavourable environment. Insight into this processes mainly in static cultures can be useful in some food and biotechnological processes (e.g.wine and beer production) in which non-growing yeast populations have to survive under"@en . . . . . . "2005-01-01+01:00"^^ . . . . . "3638"^^ . "\"Molecular mechanisms involved in long-term survival of yeasts under laboratory and \"\"natural\"\" conditions\""@en . . "0"^^ . "5"^^ . "3638"^^ .