"ceramics; multilayers; fracture; toughness; modelling; thermal; residual; stresses"@en . "1"^^ . . . "1"^^ . "2012-12-31+01:00"^^ . "Podstata navrhovan\u00E9ho projektu (max. 1100 znak\u016F) - \u010Desky Lamel\u00E1rn\u00ED struktury vedou k\u00A0v\u00FDznamn\u00E9mu zv\u00FD\u0161en\u00ED hou\u017Eevnatosti materi\u00E1lu v\u00A0porovn\u00E1n\u00ED s\u00A0jin\u00FDmi typy mikrostruktur. Tento efekt je zp\u016Fsoben t\u00EDm, \u017Ee lamel\u00E1rn\u00ED struktury zvy\u0161uj\u00ED \u00FA\u010Dinnost mechanism\u016F zhou\u017Eevnat\u011Bn\u00ED a podporuj\u00ED vznik zbytkov\u00FDch nap\u011Bt\u00ED. Navzdory intenzivn\u00EDmu v\u00FDzkumu mechanick\u00FDch a lomov\u00FDch vlastnost\u00ED multilamel\u00E1rn\u00EDch struktur typu keramika/keramika a keramika/kov, zb\u00FDv\u00E1 st\u00E1le n\u011Bkolik kritick\u00FDch probl\u00E9m\u016F, kter\u00E9 si zasluhuj\u00ED dal\u0161\u00ED v\u00FDzkum. St\u00E1vaj\u00EDc\u00ED lomov\u00E1 krit\u00E9ria a v\u00FDpo\u010Dty zbytkov\u00FDch nap\u011Bt\u00ED v\u00A0multilamel\u00E1rn\u00EDch struktur\u00E1ch nerespektuj\u00ED dostate\u010Dn\u011B materi\u00E1lov\u00E1 rozhran\u00ED, povrchy a materi\u00E1lov\u00E9 hrany, kter\u00E9 vedou k\u00A0singularit\u00E1m ve fyzik\u00E1ln\u00EDch pol\u00EDch. Jedn\u00EDm ze zp\u016Fsob\u016F, jak zm\u00EDrnit tyto efekty, je vytvo\u0159en\u00ED spojit\u00FDch zm\u011Bn v\u00A0materi\u00E1lov\u00E9m slo\u017Een\u00ED jednotliv\u00FDch vrstev, kter\u00E9 odstra\u0148uj\u00ED singularity ve fyzik\u00E1ln\u00EDch pol\u00EDch a mohou dokonce v\u00E9st ke stavu, kdy\u00A0materi\u00E1lov\u00E9 spoje nejsou podrobeny nap\u011Bt\u00ED. I kdy\u017E lomov\u011B mechanick\u00E1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ED pro nap\u011B\u0165ov\u011B deforma\u010Dn\u00ED pole v\u00A0homogenn\u00EDch a spojit\u011B gradientn\u00EDch materi\u00E1lech vedou ke stejn\u00E9 asymptotice, rozsah vlivu gradientn\u00EDch efekt\u016F na lomov\u00E9 chov\u00E1n\u00ED nen\u00ED zat\u00EDm d\u016Fkladn\u011B objasn\u011Bn."@cs . "35"^^ . "Mechanical and fracture properties of multilayered ceramic/ceramic and ceramic/metal materials with graded layers"@en . . . . "35"^^ . . . . . "Lamellar structures provide significant increases in toughness over other microstructures. By layering different structural ceramic materials, the apparent fracture toughness can be increased through either enhancement of toughening mechanisms or residual stress effects. The state of knowledge regarding the mechanical and fracture properties of multilayers has increased greatly within the last decade, but there remain several critical areas in need of further research. Available residual stresses and fracture criteria refer to conditions far from surfaces or edges. This is an important distinction, since pronounced edge effects are known to exist in displacement, stress, temperature, magnetic, and electrical fields. One of the ways to reconcile the edge and/or interface effects is the introduction of gradual compositional changes into individual layers which removes large-scale interface-induced stress singularities and can even result in stress-free material joints. Although the fracture mechanics solutions for stress and displacement fields in homogeneous and continuously graded materials agree in the asymptotic near-tip limit, the scope of the material gradient effects on fracture behaviour are not well comprehended."@en . "Mechanick\u00E9 a lomov\u00E9 vlastnosti multilamel\u00E1rn\u00EDch struktur typu keramika/keramika a keramika/kov s gradientn\u00EDmi vrstvami"@cs . . "2009-01-01+01:00"^^ . . "0"^^ . "5683"^^ . . . "5683"^^ .