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Namespace Prefixes

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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB06335
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
Saxagliptin (rINN) is an orally active hypoglycemic (anti-diabetic drug) of the new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class of drugs. FDA approved on July 31, 2009.
n3:dosage
n6:271B4C3E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4C3F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4C40-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4C41-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:generalReferences
# Rosenstock J, Sankoh S, List JF: Glucose-lowering activity of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008 May;10(5):376-86. Epub 2008 Mar 18. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18355324 # Metzler WJ, Yanchunas J, Weigelt C, Kish K, Klei HE, Xie D, Zhang Y, Corbett M, Tamura JK, He B, Hamann LG, Kirby MS, Marcinkeviciene J: Involvement of DPP-IV catalytic residues in enzyme-saxagliptin complex formation. Protein Sci. 2008 Feb;17(2):240-50. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18227430 # Crepaldi G, Carruba M, Comaschi M, Del Prato S, Frajese G, Paolisso G: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and their role in Type 2 diabetes management. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007 Jul-Aug;30(7):610-4. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848846 # Barnett A: DPP-4 inhibitors and their potential role in the management of type 2 diabetes. Int J Clin Pract. 2006 Nov;60(11):1454-70. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17073841# Kulasa K, Edelman S: Saxagliptin: the evidence for its place in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Core Evid. 2010 Oct 21;5:23-37. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21042540 # Russell S: Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of direct comparisons of efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction. Int J Clin Pharm. 2013 Apr;35(2):159-72. doi: 10.1007/s11096-012-9729-9. Epub 2012 Dec 22. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263796 # Ali S, Fonseca V: Saxagliptin overview: special focus on safety and adverse effects. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2013 Jan;12(1):103-9. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2013.741584. Epub 2012 Nov 9. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23137182 # Golightly LK, Drayna CC, McDermott MT: Comparative clinical pharmacokinetics of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2012 Aug 1;51(8):501-14. doi: 10.2165/11632930-000000000-00000. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22686547
n3:group
approved
n3:halfLife
Saxagliptin = 2.5 hours; 5-hydroxy saxagliptin = 3.1 hours;
n3:indication
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycemic control in combination with other agents or as monotherapy.
owl:sameAs
n17:DB06335 n26:DB06335
dcterms:title
Saxagliptin
adms:identifier
n15:99443245 n18:Saxagliptin n19:D08996 n20:PA165958362 n21:618213 n22:0003-4215-11 n23:11243969 n24:9419005 n25:DB06335
n3:mechanismOfAction
Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor antidiabetic for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 inhibitors are a class of compounds that work by affecting the action of natural hormones in the body called incretins. Incretins decrease blood sugar by increasing consumption of sugar by the body, mainly through increasing insulin production in the pancreas, and by reducing production of sugar by the liver. [Bristol-Myers Squibb Press Release] DPP-4 is a membrane associated peptidase which is found in many tissues, lymphocytes and plasma. DPP-4 has two main mechanisms of action, an enzymatic function and another mechanism where DPP-4 binds adenosine deaminase, which conveys intracellular signals via dimerization when activated. Saxagliptin forms a reversible, histidine-assisted covalent bond between its nitrile group and the S630 hydroxyl oxygen on DPP-4. The inhibition of DPP-4 increases levels active of glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which inhibits glucagon production from pancreatic alpha cells and increases production of insulin from pancreatic beta cells.
n3:patent
n5:6395767
n3:routeOfElimination
Saxagliptin is eliminated by both renal and hepatic pathways. Following a single 50 mg dose of 14C-saxagliptin, 24%, 36%, and 75% of the dose was excreted in the urine as saxagliptin, its active metabolite, and total radioactivity, respectively. A total of 22% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in feces representing the fraction of the saxagliptin dose excreted in bile and/or unabsorbed drug from the gastrointestinal tract.
n3:synonym
BMS-477118 BMS 477118 (1S,3S,5S)-2-((2S)-Amino(3-hydroxytricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)dec-1-yl)acetyl)-2-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexane-3-carbonitrile Onglyza
n3:toxicity
Adverse reactions reported in ≥5% of patients treated with saxagliptin and more commonly than in patients treated with placebo are: upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, and headache.
n3:volumeOfDistribution
151 L
n7:hasAHFSCode
n9:68-20-05
n3:foodInteraction
Administration with a high-fat meal resulted in an increase in Tmax of saxagliptin by approximately 20 minutes as compared to fasted conditions. There was a 27% increase in the AUC of saxagliptin when given with a meal as compared to fasted conditions.
n3:mixture
n10:271B4C3D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:proteinBinding
The in vitro protein binding of saxagliptin and its active metabolite in human serum is negligible (<10%).
n3:salt
n3:synthesisReference
Jack Z. Gougoutas, Mary F. Malley, John D. DiMarco, Xiaotian S. Yin, Chenkou Wei, Jurong Yu, Truc Chi Vu, Gregory Scott Jones, Scott A. Savage, "CRYSTAL FORMS OF SAXAGLIPTIN AND PROCESSES FOR PREPARING SAME." U.S. Patent US20090054303, issued February 26, 2009.
n11:hasConcept
n12:M0488193
foaf:page
n28:onglyza-drug.htm n29:saxagliptin.html
n3:IUPAC-Name
n4:271B4C46-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n4:271B4C4C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n4:271B4C4B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n4:271B4C48-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n4:271B4C49-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n4:271B4C4A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n4:271B4C5C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4C44-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n4:271B4C45-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4C42-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n4:271B4C43-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:hasATCCode
n8:A10BH03
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n4:271B4C52-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n4:271B4C53-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n4:271B4C4D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n4:271B4C4E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n4:271B4C50-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n4:271B4C4F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n4:271B4C51-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Following a 5 mg single oral dose of saxagliptin to healthy subjects, the mean plasma AUC values for saxagliptin and its active metabolite were 78 ng•h/mL and 214 ng•h/mL, respectively. The corresponding plasma Cmax values were 24 ng/mL and 47 ng/mL, respectively. Saxagliptin did not accumulate following repeated doses. The median time to maximum concentration (Tmax) following the 5 mg once daily dose was 2 hours for saxagliptin and 4 hours for its active metabolite. Bioavailability, 2.5 - 50 mg dose = 67%
n3:casRegistryNumber
361442-04-8
n3:category
n3:clearance
Renal clearance, single 50 mg dose = 14 L/h
n3:Bioavailability
n4:271B4C58-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n4:271B4C5A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n4:271B4C5B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n4:271B4C57-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n4:271B4C56-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n4:271B4C59-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n4:271B4C47-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n4:271B4C54-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-
n4:271B4C55-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5