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Namespace Prefixes

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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB05259
rdf:type
n7:Drug
n7:description
Glatiramer acetate consists of the acetate salts of synthetic polypeptides, containing four naturally occurring amino acids: L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, L-tyrosine, and L-lysine with an average molar fraction of 0.141, 0.427, 0.095, and 0.338, respectively. The average molecular weight of glatiramer acetate is 5,000-9,000 daltons. It is an immunomodulator, licensed in much of the world for reduced frequency of relapses in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
n7:dosage
n18:271B3F3C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B3F3D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B3F3E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:generalReferences
# Weber MS, Hohlfeld R, Zamvil SS: Mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in treatment of multiple sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics. 2007 Oct;4(4):647-53. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17920545 # Arnon R, Aharoni R: Mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis and its potential for the development of new applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Oct 5;101 Suppl 2:14593-8. Epub 2004 Sep 15. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15371592 # Francis DA: Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone). Int J Clin Pract. 2001 Jul-Aug;55(6):394-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11501229 # Li Q, Milo R, Panitch H, Swoveland P, Bever CT Jr: Glatiramer acetate blocks the activation of THP-1 cells by interferon-gamma. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998 Jan 26;342(2-3):303-10. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9548401
n7:group
investigational approved
n7:indication
For reduction of the frequency of relapses in patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.
owl:sameAs
n4:DB05259 n11:DB05259
dcterms:title
Glatiramer Acetate
adms:identifier
n6:Glatiramer_acetate n21:0088-1153-30 n22:PA449760 n23:DB05259
n7:mechanismOfAction
Glatiramer acetate (GA) exhibits strong and promiscuous binding to MHC molecules (HLA DRB1* variants) and consequent competition with various myelin antigens for their presentation to T cells. A further aspect of its action is potent induction of specific suppressor cells of the T helper 2 (Th2) type that migrate to the brain and lead to in situ bystander suppression. Furthermore, the GA-specific cells in the brain express the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta, in addition to brain-derived neurotrophic factor, whereas they do not express the inflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma. Recent evidence also suggests that Glatiramer acetate directly inhibits dendritic cells and monocytes - both of which are circulating antigen presenting cells.
n7:packager
n16:271B3F36-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B3F37-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B3F38-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B3F39-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:patent
n8:2191088 n8:5981589
n7:synonym
Copolymer-1 Copoylmer 1 COP-1
n7:toxicity
Adverse reactions include injection site reactions, vasodilatation, chest pain, asthenia, infection, pain, nausea, arthralgia, anxiety, and hypertonia.
n7:synthesisReference
Tsung-Yu Hsiao, Meng-Fen Ho, "Synthesis of Glatiramer Acetate." U.S. Patent US20100036092, issued February 11, 2010.
n9:hasConcept
n10:M0237867
foaf:page
n13:glatiramer.html n15:glatiramer.htm
n7:Molecular-Formula
n17:271B3F40-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Molecular-Weight
n17:271B3F3F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n19:hasATCCode
n20:L03AX13
n7:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n7:casRegistryNumber
147245-92-9
n7:category
n7:containedIn
n14:271B3F3B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n14:271B3F3A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5