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Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB01275
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. [PubChem]
n3:dosage
n4:271B624D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B624E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B624F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B6250-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B6251-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B6246-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B6247-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B6248-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B6249-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B624A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B624B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B624C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:generalReferences
# Kandler MR, Mah GT, Tejani AM, Stabler SN: Hydralazine for essential hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Aug 4;8:CD004934. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20687078
n3:group
approved
n3:halfLife
3 to 7 hours
n3:indication
For the treatment of essential hypertension, alone or as an adjunct. Also for the management of severe hypertension when the drug cannot be given orally or when blood pressure must be lowered immediately, congestive heart failure (in combination with cardiac glycosides and diuretics and/or with isosorbide dinitrate), and hypertension secondary to pre-eclampsia/eclampsia.
owl:sameAs
n11:DB01275 n26:DB01275
dcterms:title
Hydralazine
adms:identifier
n13:3637 n14:46507533 n18:Hydralazine n19:0182-0905-89 n20:PA449894 n21:C07040 n22:D01302 n23:DB01275 n24:5775 n25:3511
n3:mechanismOfAction
Although the precise mechanism of action of hydralazine is not fully understood, the major effects are on the cardiovascular system. Hydralazine apparently lowers blood pressure by exerting a peripheral vasodilating effect through a direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. It has also been suggested that cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) mediates, at least partly, the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by altering cellular calcium metabolism, which interferes with the calcium movements within the vascular smooth muscle that are responsible for initiating or maintaining the contractile state. In hypertensive patients, the hydralazine-induced decrease in blood pressure is accompanied by increased heart rate, cardiac output, and stroke volume, probably because of a reflex response to decreased peripheral resistance. The drug has no direct effect on the heart. Hydralazine may increase pulmonary arterial pressure, as well as coronary, splanchnic, cerebral, and renal blood flow. The preferential dilatation of arterioles, as compared to veins, minimizes postural hypotension and promotes the increase in cardiac output. Hydralazine usually increases renin activity in plasma, presumably as a result of increased secretion of renin by the renal juxtaglomerular cells in response to reflex sympathetic discharge. This increase in renin activity leads to the production of angiotensin II, which then causes stimulation of aldosterone and consequent sodium reabsorption. Tolerance to the antihypertensive effect of the drug develops during prolonged therapy, especially if a diuretic is not administered concurrently. In patients with CHF, hydralazine decreases systemic vascular resistance and increases cardiac output.
n3:packager
n15:271B621B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B621C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6219-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B621A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B621F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6220-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B621D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B621E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6223-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6221-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6222-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6208-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6210-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B620A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6213-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B620B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6214-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6211-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6209-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6212-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6217-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6218-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6215-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6216-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6232-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6233-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6230-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6231-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B620E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B620F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B620C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B620D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6226-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6227-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6224-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6225-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B622A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B622B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6228-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B6229-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B622E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B622F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B622C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B622D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:routeOfElimination
Hydralazine undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism; it is excreted mainly in the form of metabolites in the urine.
n3:synonym
Hydralazin Hypophthalin 6-Hydralazine Hydrallazine 1-Phthalazinylhydrazine (1Z)-1(2H)-Phthalazinone hydrazone Hidralazina Hydrazone 1(2H)-phthalazinone Phthalazin-1-ylhydrazine Hydrazinophthalazine (2H)-Phthalazinone hydrazone 1-Hydrazinophthalazine Idralazina Hydralazinum
n3:toxicity
Oral LD50 in rats: 173 and 187 mg/kg
n5:hasAHFSCode
n28:24-08-20
n3:mixture
n27:271B6207-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:proteinBinding
87%
n3:salt
n3:synthesisReference
U.S. Patent 2,484,029.
n7:hasConcept
n8:M0010676
foaf:page
n30:hydralazine.htm n31:hydralazine.html
n3:IUPAC-Name
n9:271B6256-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n9:271B625C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n9:271B625B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n9:271B6258-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n9:271B6259-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n9:271B625A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n9:271B6254-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n9:271B6252-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B6255-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B626D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n9:271B6253-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:hasATCCode
n6:C02DB02
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n9:271B6262-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n9:271B6263-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n9:271B625D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n9:271B625E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n9:271B6260-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n9:271B625F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n9:271B6261-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Hydralazine is rapidly and extensively absorbed (up to 90%) from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism by genetic polymorphic acetylation. Oral bioavailability of hydralazine is dependent upon acetylator phenotype. Bioavailability is approximately 31% in slow acetylators and 10% in fast acetylators.
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber
86-54-4
n3:containedIn
n17:271B6235-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B6236-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B6234-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B6239-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B623A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B6237-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B6238-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B623D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B623E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B623B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B623C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B6241-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B6242-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B623F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B6240-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B6245-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B6243-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B6244-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Bioavailability
n9:271B6268-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n9:271B626A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n9:271B626B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Melting-Point
n9:271B626C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n9:271B6267-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n9:271B6266-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n9:271B6269-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n9:271B6257-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n9:271B6264-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-
n9:271B6265-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5