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Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
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n26http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB01174/identifier/wikipedia/
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n30http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/atc/
n24http://linked.opendata.cz/ontology/sukl/drug/

Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB01174
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It promotes binding to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations. [PubChem]
n3:generalReferences
# Kwan P, Brodie MJ: Phenobarbital for the treatment of epilepsy in the 21st century: a critical review. Epilepsia. 2004 Sep;45(9):1141-9. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15329080 # Taylor S, Tudur Smith C, Williamson PR, Marson AG: Phenobarbitone versus phenytoin monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalized onset tonic-clonic seizures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD002217. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11687150 # Tudur Smith C, Marson AG, Williamson PR: Carbamazepine versus phenobarbitone monotherapy for epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(1):CD001904. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12535420 # Kalviainen R, Eriksson K, Parviainen I: Refractory generalised convulsive status epilepticus : a guide to treatment. CNS Drugs. 2005;19(9):759-68. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16142991 # Booth D, Evans DJ: Anticonvulsants for neonates with seizures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004 Oct 18;(4):CD004218. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15495087
n3:group
approved
n3:halfLife
53 to 118 hours (mean 79 hours)
n3:indication
For the treatment of all types of seizures except absence seizures.
owl:sameAs
n20:DB01174 n23:DB01174
dcterms:title
Phenobarbital
adms:identifier
n10:4599 n11:DB01174 n12:8069 n13:2804 n14:C07434 n15:2804 n16:4763 n17:46505776 n21:D00506 n22:PA450911 n26:Phenobarbital
n3:mechanismOfAction
Phenobarbital acts on GABAA receptors, increasing synaptic inhibition. This has the effect of elevating seizure threshold and reducing the spread of seizure activity from a seizure focus. Phenobarbital may also inhibit calcium channels, resulting in a decrease in excitatory transmitter release. The sedative-hypnotic effects of phenobarbital are likely the result of its effect on the polysynaptic midbrain reticular formation, which controls CNS arousal.
n3:packager
n5:271B4EB8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EB9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EB6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EB7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EB4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EB5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EB2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EB3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EB1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E93-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E94-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EAF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EB0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EAD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EAE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EAB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EAC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EA9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EAA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EA7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EA8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E95-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E96-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E91-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E92-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E8F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E90-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E8D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E8E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EA5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EA6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EA3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EA4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EA1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EA2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E9F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EA0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E9D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E9E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E9B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E9C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E99-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E9A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E97-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4E98-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EBC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EBA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4EBB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:synonym
Luminal PHENYLETHYLMALONYLUREA 5-ethyl-5-phenylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione Phenobarbituric Acid Phenylethylbarbituric Acid Phenylaethylbarbitursaeure Phenylethylbarbiturate 5-Ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid 5-Phenyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid 5-ethyl-5-phenyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione 5-Ethyl-5-phenyl-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione Phenobarbital Phenobarbitone Phenylethylbarbitursaeure Phenobarbitol
n3:toxicity
CNS and respiratory depression which may progress to Cheyne-Stokes respiration, areflexia, constriction of the pupils to a slight degree (though in severe poisoning they may wshow paralytic dilation), oliguria, tachycardia, hypotension, lowered body temperature, and coma. Typical shock syndrome (apnea, circulatory collapse, respiratory arrest, and death) may occur.
n24:hasAHFSCode
n25:28-24-04
n3:foodInteraction
Take on an empty stomach for quicker absorption Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine). Increase dietary intake of magnesium, folate, vitamin B6, B12, and/or consider taking a multivitamin. Avoid alcohol.
n3:proteinBinding
20 to 45%
n3:synthesisReference
Tong Sun, Shawn Watson, Rajesh Manchanda, "PHENOBARBITAL SALTS; METHODS OF MAKING; AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF." U.S. Patent US20100035904, issued February 11, 2010.
n27:hasConcept
n28:M0016514
foaf:page
n8:phenobarbital.html n29:phenbarb.htm n31:phe1334.shtml
n3:IUPAC-Name
n4:271B4ED3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n4:271B4ED9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n4:271B4ED8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n4:271B4ED5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n4:271B4ED6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n4:271B4ED7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n4:271B4EE8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4ED1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n4:271B4EEA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4ED2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4ECF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n4:271B4ED0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa
n4:271B4EEB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n24:hasATCCode
n30:N03AA02
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n4:271B4EDF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n4:271B4EE0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n4:271B4EDA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n4:271B4EDB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n4:271B4EDD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n4:271B4EDC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n4:271B4EDE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Absorbed in varying degrees following oral, rectal or parenteral administration. The salts are more rapidly absorbed than are the acids. The rate of absorption is increased if the sodium salt is ingested as a dilute solution or taken on an empty stomach.
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber
50-06-6
n3:category
n3:containedIn
n6:271B4EBF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4EC0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4EC3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4EC1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4EC2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4ECE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4ECC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4ECD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4ECA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4ECB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4EC8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4EC9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4EC6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4EC7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4EC4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4EC5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4EBE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4EBD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Bioavailability
n4:271B4EE4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n4:271B4EE6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n4:271B4EE7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Melting-Point
n4:271B4EE9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n4:271B4EE3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n4:271B4EE2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n4:271B4EE5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n4:271B4ED4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n4:271B4EE1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5