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Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB01136
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
Carvedilol is a non-selective beta blocker indicated in the treatment of mild to moderate congestive heart failure (CHF). It blocks beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors as well as the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.
n3:dosage
n23:271B46E2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46E3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46E4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46D9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46DA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46E0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46E1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46D7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46D8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46DF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46DB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46DC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46DD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B46DE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:generalReferences
# Packer M, Fowler MB, Roecker EB, Coats AJ, Katus HA, Krum H, Mohacsi P, Rouleau JL, Tendera M, Staiger C, Holcslaw TL, Amann-Zalan I, DeMets DL: Effect of carvedilol on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: results of the carvedilol prospective randomized cumulative survival (COPERNICUS) study. Circulation. 2002 Oct 22;106(17):2194-9. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12390947 # Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, Katus HA, Krum H, Mohacsi P, Rouleau JL, Tendera M, Castaigne A, Roecker EB, Schultz MK, DeMets DL: Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001 May 31;344(22):1651-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11386263 # Vanderhoff BT, Ruppel HM, Amsterdam PB: Carvedilol: the new role of beta blockers in congestive heart failure. Am Fam Physician. 1998 Nov 1;58(7):1627-34, 1641-2. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9824960
n3:group
approved investigational
n3:halfLife
7-10 hours
n3:indication
For the treatment of mild or moderate (NYHA class II or III) heart failure of ischemic or cardiomyopathic origin.
owl:sameAs
n27:DB01136 n29:DB01136
dcterms:title
Carvedilol
adms:identifier
n8:C06875 n9:D00255 n10:551 n11:551 n12:2585 n13:46505146 n14:0228-2175-11 n15:PA448817 n16:25759 n17:DB01136 n18:3441 n19:2487 n34:Carvedilol
n3:mechanismOfAction
Carvedilol is a racemic mixture in which nonselective beta-adrenoreceptor blocking activity is present in the S(-) enantiomer and alpha-adrenergic blocking activity is present in both R(+) and S(-) enantiomers at equal potency. Carvedilol's beta-adrenergic receptor blocking ability decreases the heart rate, myocardial contractility, and myocardial oxygen demand. Carvedilol also decreases systemic vascular resistance via its alpha adrenergic receptor blocking properties. Carvedilol and its metabolite BM-910228 (a less potent beta blocker, but more potent antioxidant) have been shown to restore the inotropic responsiveness to Ca<sup>2+</sup> in OH<sup>-</sup> free radical-treated myocardium. Carvedilol and its metabolites also prevent OH<sup>-</sup> radical-induced decrease in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase activity. Therefore, carvedilol and its metabolites may be beneficial in chronic heart failure by preventing free radical damage.
n3:packager
n4:271B46B3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46B1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46B2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4688-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4687-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4697-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4698-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4695-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4696-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4693-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4694-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4691-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4692-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B469F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46A0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B469D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B469E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B469B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B469C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4699-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B469A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46A7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46A8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46A5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B468F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46A6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4690-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46A3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B468D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46A4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B468E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46A1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B468B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46A2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46AF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B468C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4689-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46B0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B468A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46AD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46AE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46AB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46AC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46A9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B46AA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:patent
n5:7268156 n5:RE40000
n3:routeOfElimination
Carvedilol is extensively metabolized. Less than 2% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine. Carvedilol is metabolized primarily by aromatic ring oxidation and glucuronidation. The oxidative metabolites are further metabolized by conjugation via glucuronidation and sulfation. The metabolites of carvedilol are excreted primarily via the bile into the feces.
n3:synonym
Carvedilol Carvedilolum SKF 105517 (+-)-1-(Carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-((2-(O-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl)amino)-2-propanol
n3:toxicity
Not expected to be toxic following ingestion.
n3:volumeOfDistribution
* 115 L
n31:hasAHFSCode
n33:24-04-00 n33:24-24-00
n3:foodInteraction
Take with food, food slows the absorption rate and reduces the incidence of adverse effects (extent of absorption is not affected).
n3:proteinBinding
98%
n3:synthesisReference
Ilan Kor, "Crystalline solids of carvedilol and processes for their preparation." U.S. Patent US20030166702, issued September 04, 2003.
n24:hasConcept
n25:M0127291
foaf:page
n22:carvedilol.html n28:carvedilol.htm
n3:IUPAC-Name
n6:271B46E9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n6:271B46EF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n6:271B46EE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n6:271B46EB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n6:271B46EC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n6:271B46ED-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n6:271B46E7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B46FF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n6:271B46E5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B46E8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4701-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n6:271B46E6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n31:hasATCCode
n32:C07AG02
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n6:271B46F5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n6:271B46F6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n6:271B46F0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n6:271B46F1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n6:271B46F3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n6:271B46F2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n6:271B46F4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Carvedilol is rapidly and extensively absorbed following oral administration, with an absolute bioavailability of approximately 25% to 35% due to a significant degree of first-pass metabolism.
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber
72956-09-3
n3:category
n3:clearance
* 500-700 mL/min
n3:containedIn
n20:271B46B8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46B9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46B6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46B7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46B4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46B5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46CD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46C0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46C1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46BE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46BF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46BC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46D6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46BD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46BA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46BB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46D4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46D5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46C8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46D2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46C9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46C6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46D3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46C7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46C4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46C5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46C2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46C3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46D1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46CF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46D0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46CC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46CE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46CA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B46CB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Bioavailability
n6:271B46FB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n6:271B46FD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n6:271B46FE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Melting-Point
n6:271B4700-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n6:271B46FA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n6:271B46F9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n6:271B46FC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n6:271B46EA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n6:271B46F7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-
n6:271B46F8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5