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Namespace Prefixes

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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB01132
rdf:type
n5:Drug
n5:description
Pioglitazone is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. Pioglitazone selectively stimulates nuclear receptor peroxisone proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma). It modulates the transcription of the insulin-sensitive genes involved in the control of glucose and lipid metabolism in the lipidic, muscular tissues and in the liver.
n5:dosage
n32:271B4612-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n32:271B4613-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n32:271B4614-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n32:271B4615-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n32:271B4616-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:generalReferences
# Colca JR, McDonald WG, Waldon DJ, Leone JW, Lull JM, Bannow CA, Lund ET, Mathews WR: Identification of a novel mitochondrial protein ("mitoNEET") cross-linked specifically by a thiazolidinedione photoprobe. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Feb;286(2):E252-60. Epub 2003 Oct 21. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14570702 # Paddock ML, Wiley SE, Axelrod HL, Cohen AE, Roy M, Abresch EC, Capraro D, Murphy AN, Nechushtai R, Dixon JE, Jennings PA: MitoNEET is a uniquely folded 2Fe 2S outer mitochondrial membrane protein stabilized by pioglitazone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Sep 4;104(36):14342-7. Epub 2007 Aug 31. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17766440 # Lincoff AM, Wolski K, Nicholls SJ, Nissen SE: Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA. 2007 Sep 12;298(10):1180-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848652
n5:group
approved investigational
n5:halfLife
3-7 hours
n5:indication
Treatment of Type II diabetes mellitus
owl:sameAs
n22:DB01132 n33:DB01132
dcterms:title
Pioglitazone
adms:identifier
n4:Pioglitazone n8:PA450970 n18:8228 n19:4663 n20:4829 n23:46507136 n24:C07675 n25:64764-151-04 n26:2694 n27:2694 n28:DB01132
n5:mechanismOfAction
Pioglitazone acts as an agonist at peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) in target tissues for insulin action such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. Activation of PPAR-gamma receptors increases the transcription of insulin-responsive genes involved in the control of glucose production, transport, and utilization. In this way, pioglitazone both enhances tissue sensitivity to insulin and reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thus, insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus is improved without an increase in insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells.
n5:packager
n7:271B45FB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B45FC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4609-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B460A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4602-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4603-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4607-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4608-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4605-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4606-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B460E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B460C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B460D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B45FD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B45FE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B45F9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B45FA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4601-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4604-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B45FF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4600-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B45F7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B45F8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B460B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:patent
n17:2179584 n17:2531834 n17:6303640 n17:4687777
n5:routeOfElimination
Following oral administration, approximately 15% to 30% of the pioglitazone dose is recovered in the urine. Renal elimination of pioglitazone is negligible, and the drug is excreted primarily as metabolites and their conjugates. It is presumed that most of the oral dose is excreted into the bile either unchanged or as metabolites and eliminated in the feces.
n5:synonym
Pioglitazone (+-)-5-((4-(2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione Pioglitazona Pioglitazonum
n5:toxicity
Hypogycemia; LD<sub>50</sub>=mg/kg (orally in rat)
n5:volumeOfDistribution
* 0.63 ± 0.41 L/kg
n9:hasAHFSCode
n11:68-20-28
n5:foodInteraction
Take without regard to meals. Food slightly delays absorption rate but extent of absorption is not affected.
n5:mixture
n14:271B45F5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n14:271B45F6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:proteinBinding
> 99%
n5:salt
n5:synthesisReference
Chandra Khanduri, Yatendra Kumar, Atulya Panda, Suchitra Chakraborty, Mukesh Sharma, "Process for the preparation of pioglitazone." U.S. Patent US20070078170, issued April 05, 2007.
n15:hasConcept
n16:M0168845
foaf:page
n13:pioglit.htm n31:pioglitazone.html
n5:IUPAC-Name
n6:271B461B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:InChI
n6:271B4621-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Molecular-Formula
n6:271B4620-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Molecular-Weight
n6:271B461D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Monoisotopic-Weight
n6:271B461E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:SMILES
n6:271B461F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Water-Solubility
n6:271B4619-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4631-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:logP
n6:271B4617-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B461A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4633-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:logS
n6:271B4618-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n9:hasATCCode
n10:A10BG03
n5:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n6:271B4627-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n6:271B4628-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:InChIKey
n6:271B4622-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n6:271B4623-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Polarizability
n6:271B4625-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Refractivity
n6:271B4624-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n6:271B4626-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:absorption
Following oral administration, in the fasting state, pioglitazone is first measurable in serum within 30 minutes, with peak concentrations observed within 2 hours. Food slightly delays the time to peak serum concentration to 3 to 4 hours, but does not alter the extent of absorption.
n5:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n5:casRegistryNumber
111025-46-8
n5:category
n5:clearance
* apparent cl=5 - 7 L/h [oral administration]
n5:containedIn
n29:271B4611-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n29:271B460F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n29:271B4610-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Bioavailability
n6:271B462D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Ghose-Filter
n6:271B462F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:MDDR-Like-Rule
n6:271B4630-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Melting-Point
n6:271B4632-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Number-of-Rings
n6:271B462C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Physiological-Charge
n6:271B462B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Rule-of-Five
n6:271B462E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n6:271B461C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n6:271B4629-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:pKa--strongest-basic-
n6:271B462A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5