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Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
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n17http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB01120/identifier/pharmgkb/
n6http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB01120/identifier/wikipedia/

Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB01120
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
Gliclazide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It belongs to the sulfonylurea class of insulin secretagogues, which act by stimulating β cells of the pancreas to release insulin. Sulfonylureas increase both basal insulin secretion and meal-stimulated insulin release. Medications in this class differ in their dose, rate of absorption, duration of action, route of elimination and binding site on their target pancreatic β cell receptor. Sulfonylureas also increase peripheral glucose utilization, decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and may increase the number and sensitivity of insulin receptors. Sulfonylureas are associated with weight gain, though less so than insulin. Due to their mechanism of action, sulfonylureas may cause hypoglycemia and require consistent food intake to decrease this risk. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased in elderly, debilitated and malnourished individuals. Gliclazide has been shown to decrease fasting plasma glucose, postprandial blood glucose and glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (reflective of the last 8-10 weeks of glucose control). Gliclazide is extensively metabolized by the liver; its metabolites are excreted in both urine (60-70%) and feces (10-20%).
n3:dosage
n22:271B4420-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:group
approved
n3:halfLife
10.4 hours. Duration of action is 10-24 hours.
n3:indication
For the treatment of NIDDM in conjunction with diet and exercise.
owl:sameAs
n10:DB01120 n21:DB01120
dcterms:title
Gliclazide
adms:identifier
n6:Gliclazide n16:D01599 n17:PA10892 n19:DB01120 n20:31654
n3:mechanismOfAction
Gliclazide binds to the β cell sulfonyl urea receptor (SUR1). This binding subsequently blocks the ATP sensitive potassium channels. The binding results in closure of the channels and leads to a resulting decrease in potassium efflux leads to depolarization of the β cells. This opens voltage-dependent calcium channels in the β cell resulting in calmodulin activation, which in turn leads to exocytosis of insulin containing secretorty granules.
n3:patent
n12:2273420
n3:routeOfElimination
Metabolites and conjugates are eliminated primarily by the kidneys (60-70%) and also in the feces (10-20%).
n3:synonym
1-(Hexahydrocyclopenta(c)pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)urea N-(4-Methylbenzenesulfonyl)-N'-(3-azabicyclo(3.3.0)oct-3-yl)urea Gliclazida 1-(3-Azabicyclo(3.3.0)oct-3-yl)-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)urea Gliclazidum
n3:toxicity
LD<sub>50</sub>=3000 mg/kg (orally in mice). Gliclazide and its metabolites may accumulate in those with severe hepatic and/or renal dysfunction. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include: dizziness, lack of energy, drowsiness, headache and sweating.
n7:hasAHFSCode
n8:68-20-20
n3:foodInteraction
Avoid alcohol. Take without regard to meals. A consistent diet is recommended to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.
n3:proteinBinding
94%, highly bound to plasma proteins
n3:synthesisReference
U.S. Patent 3,501,495
n13:hasConcept
n14:M0009266
n3:IUPAC-Name
n4:271B4425-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n4:271B442B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n4:271B442A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n4:271B4427-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n4:271B4428-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n4:271B4429-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n4:271B4423-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n4:271B4424-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B443C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4421-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n4:271B4422-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:hasATCCode
n15:A10BB09
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n4:271B4431-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n4:271B4432-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n4:271B442C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n4:271B442D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n4:271B442F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n4:271B442E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n4:271B4430-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed but may have wide inter- and intra-individual variability. Peak plasma concentrations occur within 4-6 hours of oral administration.
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber
21187-98-4
n3:category
n3:containedIn
n18:271B441A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B441B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4418-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4419-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B441C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B441D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B441F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B441E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Bioavailability
n4:271B4437-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n4:271B4439-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n4:271B443A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Melting-Point
n4:271B443B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n4:271B4436-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n4:271B4435-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n4:271B4438-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n4:271B4426-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n4:271B4433-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-
n4:271B4434-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5