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Namespace Prefixes

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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00996
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
Gabapentin (brand name Neurontin) is a medication originally developed for the treatment of epilepsy. Presently, gabapentin is widely used to relieve pain, especially neuropathic pain. Gabapentin is well tolerated in most patients, has a relatively mild side-effect profile, and passes through the body unmetabolized.
n3:dosage
n7:271B4C7D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C7E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C7F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C80-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C78-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C7A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C7B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C7C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C75-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C76-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C77-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C81-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C82-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4C79-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:generalReferences
# Mathew NT, Rapoport A, Saper J, Magnus L, Klapper J, Ramadan N, Stacey B, Tepper S: Efficacy of gabapentin in migraine prophylaxis. Headache. 2001 Feb;41(2):119-28. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251695 # Backonja MM, Serra J: Pharmacologic management part 1: better-studied neuropathic pain diseases. Pain Med. 2004 Mar;5 Suppl 1:S28-47. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14996228 # Choudhuri I, Sarvananthan N, Gottlob I: Survey of management of acquired nystagmus in the United Kingdom. Eye. 2007 Sep;21(9):1194-7. Epub 2006 May 26. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16732211 # Pande AC, Crockatt JG, Janney CA, Werth JL, Tsaroucha G: Gabapentin in bipolar disorder: a placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive therapy. Gabapentin Bipolar Disorder Study Group. Bipolar Disord. 2000 Sep;2(3 Pt 2):249-55. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11249802 # Su TZ, Feng MR, Weber ML: Mediation of highly concentrative uptake of pregabalin by L-type amino acid transport in Chinese hamster ovary and Caco-2 cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Jun;313(3):1406-15. Epub 2005 Mar 15. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15769862
n3:group
approved investigational
n3:halfLife
5-7 hours
n3:indication
For the management of postherpetic neuralgia in adults and as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures with and without secondary generalization in patients over 12 years of age with epilepsy.
n3:manufacturer
n9:271B4C4A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C4B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C48-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C49-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C4C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C4D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C42-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C43-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C40-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C41-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C46-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C47-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C44-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C45-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C3E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C3F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C3C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4C3D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n20:DB00996 n31:DB00996
dcterms:title
Gabapentin
adms:identifier
n6:Gabapentin n14:3446 n15:46506529 n16:GBN n17:PA449720 n18:3328 n21:D00332 n23:0228-2665-11 n25:DB00996
n3:mechanismOfAction
Gabapentin interacts with cortical neurons at auxillary subunits of voltage-sensitive calcium channels. Gabapentin increases the synaptic concentration of GABA, enhances GABA responses at non-synaptic sites in neuronal tissues, and reduces the release of mono-amine neurotransmitters. One of the mechanisms implicated in this effect of gabapentin is the reduction of the axon excitability measured as an amplitude change of the presynaptic fibre volley (FV) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. This is mediated through its binding to presynaptic NMDA receptors. Other studies have shown that the antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects of gabapentin are mediated by the descending noradrenergic system, resulting in the activation of spinal alpha2-adrenergic receptors. Gabapentin has also been shown to bind and activate the adenosine A1 receptor.
n3:packager
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n3:patent
n4:7256216 n4:2327285 n4:6054482 n4:2215923
n3:routeOfElimination
Gabapentin is eliminated from the systemic circulation by renal excretion as unchanged drug. Gabapentin is not appreciably metabolized in humans.
n3:synonym
Gabapentinum Gabapentine Neurontin Gabapentino Gabapentina Gabapetin Gabapentin GR 1-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid
n3:toxicity
Symptoms of overdose include ataxia, labored breathing, ptosis, sedation, hypoactivity, and excitation.
n3:volumeOfDistribution
* 58±6 L
n10:hasAHFSCode
n11:28-12-92
n3:foodInteraction
Take without regard to meals. Avoid alcohol.
n3:proteinBinding
Less than 3% of gabapentin circulates bound to plasma protein.
n3:synthesisReference
Donald E. Butler, Barbara J. Greenman, "Gabapentin mohohydrate and a process for producing the same." U.S. Patent US4960931, issued May, 1978.
n29:hasConcept
n30:M0119421
foaf:page
n13:gabapentin.html n24:neu1289.shtml n27:gabapent.htm
n3:IUPAC-Name
n8:271B4C87-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n8:271B4C8D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n8:271B4C8C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n8:271B4C89-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n8:271B4C8A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n8:271B4C8B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n8:271B4C85-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C9D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n8:271B4C83-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C9F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C86-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n8:271B4C84-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n10:hasATCCode
n28:N03AX12
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n8:271B4C93-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n8:271B4C94-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n8:271B4C8E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n8:271B4C8F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n8:271B4C91-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n8:271B4C90-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n8:271B4C92-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Rapid. Absorbed in part by the L-amino acid transport system, which is a carrier-mediated, saturable transport system; as the dose increases, bioavailability decreases. Bioavailability ranges from approximately 60% for a 900 mg dose per day to approximately 27% for a 4800 milligram dose per day. Food has a slight effect on the rate and extent of absorption of gabapentin (14% increase in AUC).
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber
60142-96-3
n3:category
n3:clearance
* 190 mL/min
n3:containedIn
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n3:Bioavailability
n8:271B4C99-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n8:271B4C9B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n8:271B4C9C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Melting-Point
n8:271B4C9E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n8:271B4C98-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n8:271B4C97-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n8:271B4C9A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n8:271B4C88-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n8:271B4C95-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-
n8:271B4C96-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5