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Namespace Prefixes

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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00964
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
Apraclonidine, also known as iopidine, is a sympathomimetic used in glaucoma therapy. It is an alpha2-adrenergic agonist.
n3:dosage
n5:271B4518-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4519-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B451A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:generalReferences
# Chen PL, Chen JT, Lu DW, Chen YC, Hsiao CH: Comparing efficacies of 0.5% apraclonidine with 4% cocaine in the diagnosis of horner syndrome in pediatric patients. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jun;22(3):182-7. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16808679 # Aslanides M, Tsiklis NS, Ozkilic E, Coskunseven E, Pallikaris G, Jankov MR: The effect of topical apraclonidine on subconjunctival hemorrhage and flap adherence in LASIK patients. J Refract Surg. 2006 Jun;22(6):585-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16805122 # Koc F, Kansu T, Kavuncu S, Firat E: Topical apraclonidine testing discloses pupillary sympathetic denervation in diabetic patients. J Neuroophthalmol. 2006 Mar;26(1):25-9. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16518162 # Garibaldi DC, Hindman HB, Grant MP, Iliff NT, Merbs SL: Effect of 0.5% apraclonidine on ptosis in Horner syndrome. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Jan-Feb;22(1):53-5. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418668 # Onal S, Gozum N, Gucukoglu A: Effect of apraclonidine versus dorzolamide on intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2005 Nov-Dec;36(6):457-62. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16355950 # Costa VP, Harris A, Stefansson E, Flammer J, Krieglstein GK, Orzalesi N, Heijl A, Renard JP, Serra LM: The effects of antiglaucoma and systemic medications on ocular blood flow. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2003 Nov;22(6):769-805. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14575724
n3:group
approved
n3:halfLife
8 hours
n3:indication
For prevention or reduction of intraoperative and postoperative increases in intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after ocular laser surgery when used prophylactically. Also used as a short-term adjunctive therapy in patients with open-angle glaucoma who are on maximally tolerated medical therapy requiring additional IOP reduction.
n3:manufacturer
n10:271B4511-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n10:271B4512-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n7:DB00964 n8:DB00964
dcterms:title
Apraclonidine
adms:identifier
n15:PA164748866 n16:Apraclonidine n20:2788 n21:2130 n22:50021812 n23:C07668 n24:0065-0665-05 n25:DB00964 n26:46505614 n28:2216
n3:mechanismOfAction
Apraclonidine is a relatively selective alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist that stimulates alpha1 receptors to a lesser extent. It has a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at two hours post-dosing. The exact mechanism of action is unknown, but fluorophotometric studies in animals and humans suggest that Apraclonidine has a dual mechanism of action by reducing aqueous humor production through the constriction of afferent ciliary process vessels, and increasing uveoscleral outflow.
n3:packager
n10:271B450F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n10:271B4510-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n10:271B450D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n10:271B450E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n10:271B450C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:patent
n31:5212196
n3:synonym
4-Aminoclonidine Apraclonidina Apraclonidinum
n3:toxicity
Accidental or intentional ingestion of oral apraclonidine has been reported to cause apnea, arrhythmias, asthenia, bradycardia, conduction defects, diminished or absent reflexes, dryness of the mouth, hypotension, hypothermia, hypoventilation, irritability, lethargy, miosis, pallor, respiratory depression, sedation or coma, seizure, somnolence, transient hypertension, and vomiting.
n12:hasAHFSCode
n13:52-92-00
n3:proteinBinding
98.7%
n3:salt
n29:hasConcept
n30:M0067410
foaf:page
n18:apraclonidine-drops.html n19:apraclonidine.htm
n3:IUPAC-Name
n4:271B451F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n4:271B4525-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n4:271B4524-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n4:271B4521-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n4:271B4522-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n4:271B4523-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n4:271B451D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n4:271B451B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B451E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4534-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n4:271B451C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n12:hasATCCode
n27:S01EA03
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n4:271B452B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n4:271B452C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n4:271B4526-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n4:271B4527-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n4:271B4529-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n4:271B4528-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n4:271B452A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Topical use of apraclonidine ophthalmic solution leads to systemic absorption. Studies of apraclonidine (0.5% ophthalmic solution) dosed one drop three times a day in both eyes for 10 days in normal volunteers yielded mean peak and trough concentrations of 0.9 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively.
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber
66711-21-5
n3:category
n3:containedIn
n9:271B4516-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4514-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4515-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4513-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4517-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Bioavailability
n4:271B4530-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n4:271B4532-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n4:271B4533-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n4:271B452F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n4:271B452E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n4:271B4531-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n4:271B4520-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-
n4:271B452D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5