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Namespace Prefixes

Prefix	IRI
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dcterms	http://purl.org/dc/terms/
n26	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/AHFS/
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n20	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB00907/identifier/kegg-drug/
n22	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB00907/identifier/iuphar/
n19	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB00907/identifier/drugbank/
n17	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB00907/identifier/guide-to-pharmacology/
n13	http://bio2rdf.org/drugbank:
n11	http://www.drugs.com/cons/
adms	http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#
n27	http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/
n15	http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/drugbank/resource/drugs/
n18	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB00907/identifier/chebi/
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n25	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/medicinal-product/
n8	http://linked.opendata.cz/ontology/mesh/
owl	http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
n3	http://linked.opendata.cz/ontology/drugbank/
n4	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/property/
n21	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB00907/identifier/pharmgkb/
n28	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB00907/identifier/wikipedia/
xsdh	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
n7	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/atc/
n23	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB00907/identifier/kegg-compound/
n24	http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB00907/identifier/bindingdb/
n6	http://linked.opendata.cz/ontology/sukl/drug/

Statements

Subject Item: n2:DB00907
rdf:type: n3:Drug
n3:description: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. [PubChem]
n3:generalReferences: # Siegel RK, Elsohly MA, Plowman T, Rury PM, Jones RT: Cocaine in herbal tea. JAMA. 1986 Jan 3;255(1):40. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3940302 # Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fischman MW, Foltin R, Fowler JS, Franceschi D, Franceschi M, Logan J, Gatley SJ, Wong C, Ding YS, Hitzemann R, Pappas N: Effects of route of administration on cocaine induced dopamine transporter blockade in the human brain. Life Sci. 2000 Aug 11;67(12):1507-15. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10983846 # Dimitrijevic N, Dzitoyeva S, Manev H: An automated assay of the behavioral effects of cocaine injections in adult Drosophila. J Neurosci Methods. 2004 Aug 30;137(2):181-4. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15262059 # Uz T, Akhisaroglu M, Ahmed R, Manev H: The pineal gland is critical for circadian Period1 expression in the striatum and for circadian cocaine sensitization in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Dec;28(12):2117-23. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12865893 # McClung CA, Sidiropoulou K, Vitaterna M, Takahashi JS, White FJ, Cooper DC, Nestler EJ: Regulation of dopaminergic transmission and cocaine reward by the Clock gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 28;102(26):9377-81. Epub 2005 Jun 20. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15967985
n3:group: approved illicit
n3:halfLife: 1 hour
n3:indication: For the introduction of local (topical) anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes of the oral, laryngeal and nasal cavities.
owl:sameAs: n13:DB00907 n15:DB00907
dcterms:title: Cocaine
adms:identifier: n17:2286 n18:27958 n19:DB00907 n20:D00110 n21:PA449072 n22:2286 n23:C01416 n24:50006232 n28:Cocaine
n3:mechanismOfAction: Cocaine produces anesthesia by inhibiting excitation of nerve endings or by blocking conduction in peripheral nerves. This is achieved by reversibly binding to and inactivating sodium channels. Sodium influx through these channels is necessary for the depolarization of nerve cell membranes and subsequent propagation of impulses along the course of the nerve. Cocaine is the only local anesthetic with vasoconstrictive properties. This is a result of its blockade of norepinephrine reuptake in the autonomic nervous system. Cocaine binds differentially to the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transport proteins and directly prevents the re-uptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine into pre-synaptic neurons. Its effect on dopamine levels is most responsible for the addictive property of cocaine.
n3:packager: n14:271B5D4F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n14:271B5D4D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n14:271B5D4E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n14:271B5D4C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:synonym: (−)-cocaine Benzoylmethylecgonine L-Cocaine (-)-Cocaine Cocaine Kokain Methyl benzoylecgonine 2-Methyl-3beta-hydroxy-1alphah,5alphah-tropane-2beta-carboxylate benzoate (ester) beta-Cocain L-Cocain Cocainum Cocain Neurocaine Cocaina [1R-(Exo,exo)]-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester Methyl [1R-(exo,exo)]-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
n3:toxicity: Intense agitation, convulsions, hypertension, rhythm disturbance, coronary insufficiency, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, and renal impairment. Oral mouse LD<sub>50</sub> = 96 mg/kg
n6:hasAHFSCode: n26:52-16-00
n3:synthesisReference: Nobuyuki Shigetoh, Hiroshi Nakayama, Jinsei Miyazaki, Tadayasu Mitsumata, "Labelling colors for detecting cocaine or methamphetamine, method of preparing the same and detector for cocaine or methamphetamine." U.S. Patent US5571727, issued October, 1981.
n8:hasConcept: n9:M0004670
foaf:page: n11:cocaine-hydrochloride-topical.html n27:cocaine.htm
n3:IUPAC-Name: n4:271B5D57-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI: n4:271B5D5D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula: n4:271B5D5C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight: n4:271B5D59-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight: n4:271B5D5A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES: n4:271B5D5B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility: n4:271B5D55-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B5D6C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP: n4:271B5D56-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B5D53-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B5D6E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS: n4:271B5D6F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B5D54-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa: n4:271B5D70-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:hasATCCode: n7:S01HA01 n7:N01BC01 n7:S02DA02 n7:R02AD03
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count: n4:271B5D63-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count: n4:271B5D64-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey: n4:271B5D5E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-: n4:271B5D5F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability: n4:271B5D61-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity: n4:271B5D60-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count: n4:271B5D62-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption: Cocaine is absorbed from all sites of application, including mucous membranes and gastrointestinal mucosa. By oral or intra-nasal route, 60 to 80% of cocaine is absorbed.
n3:affectedOrganism: Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber: 50-36-2
n3:category
n3:containedIn: n25:271B5D51-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B5D52-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B5D50-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Bioavailability: n4:271B5D68-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter: n4:271B5D6A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule: n4:271B5D6B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Melting-Point: n4:271B5D6D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings: n4:271B5D67-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge: n4:271B5D66-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five: n4:271B5D69-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name: n4:271B5D58-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-: n4:271B5D65-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5