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Namespace Prefixes

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Statements

Subject Item: n2:DB00772
rdf:type: n3:Drug
n3:description: Malathion is a parasympathomimetic organophosphate compound that is used as an insecticide for the treatment of head lice. Malathion is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor and has low human toxicity.
n3:dosage: n6:271B5DBC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B5DBD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:generalReferences: # Baker EL Jr, Warren M, Zack M, Dobbin RD, Miles JW, Miller S, Alderman L, Teeters WR: Epidemic malathion poisoning in Pakistan malaria workers. Lancet. 1978 Jan 7;1(8054):31-4. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/74508 # Bonner MR, Coble J, Blair A, Beane Freeman LE, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP, Alavanja MC: Malathion exposure and the incidence of cancer in the agricultural health study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Nov 1;166(9):1023-34. Epub 2007 Aug 23. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17720683 # Edwards JW, Lee SG, Heath LM, Pisaniello DL: Worker exposure and a risk assessment of malathion and fenthion used in the control of Mediterranean fruit fly in South Australia. Environ Res. 2007 Jan;103(1):38-45. Epub 2006 Aug 17. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16914134
n3:group: approved investigational
n3:halfLife: 8-24 hours
n3:indication: For patients infected with Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice and their ova) of the scalp hair.
n3:manufacturer: n7:271B5DB7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B5DB8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs: n16:DB00772 n17:DB00772
dcterms:title: Malathion
adms:identifier: n13:Malathion n14:PA164748092 n21:4004 n22:46505287 n23:68882-014-60 n24:C07497 n25:D00534 n26:3864 n27:DB00772 n28:50240924 n29:6651
n3:mechanismOfAction: Malathion is a nonsystemic, wide-spectrum organophosphate insecticide. It inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity of most eukaryotes. Malathion is toxic to aquatic organisms, but has a relatively low toxicity for birds and mammals. The major metabolites of malathion are mono- and di-carboxylic acid derivatives, and malaoxon is a minor metabolite. However, it is malaoxon that is the strongest cholinesterase inhibitor. Cholinesterases catalyze the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid, a reaction necessary to allow a cholinergic neuron to return to its resting state after activation. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of cholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing muscle spasms and ultimately death.
n3:packager: n7:271B5DB5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B5DB6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B5DB3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B5DB4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:patent: n9:7560445
n3:synonym: O,O-Dimethyl S-(1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl)phosphorodithioate [(Dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)thio]butanedioic acid diethyl ester O,O-Dimethyldithiophosphate diethylmercaptosuccinate Karbofos Maldison O,O-Dimethyl S-(1,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl) Diethyl (dimethoxyphosphinothioylthio)succinate Mercaptothion O,O-Dimethyl S-(1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl) dithiophosphate Malathion O,O-Dimethyl S-1,2-di(ethoxycarbamyl)ethyl Carbophos
n3:toxicity: Malathion is slightly toxic via the oral route, with reported oral LD<sub>50</sub> values of 1000 mg/kg to greater than 10,000 mg/kg in the rat. It is also slightly toxic via the dermal route, with reported dermal LD<sub>50</sub> values of greater than 4000 mg/kg in rats. Moderate poisoning can result in chest tightness, difficulty breathing, bradycardia, tachycardia, tremor/ataxia, blurred vision, and confusion. Severe, life-threatening signs include coma, seizures, respiratory arrest, and paralysis. Malathion may also be irritating to the skin and eyes.
n3:synthesisReference: Noel Rouy, Georges Gros, "Process for the preparation of malathion." U.S. Patent US4367180, issued August, 1969.
n30:hasConcept: n31:M0012917
foaf:page: n11:ovide.htm n18:malathion.html
n3:IUPAC-Name: n4:271B5DC2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI: n4:271B5DC8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula: n4:271B5DC7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight: n4:271B5DC4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight: n4:271B5DC5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES: n4:271B5DC6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility: n4:271B5DC0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B5DD7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP: n4:271B5DC1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B5DBE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B5DDA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS: n4:271B5DBF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n19:hasATCCode: n20:P03AX03
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count: n4:271B5DCE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count: n4:271B5DCF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey: n4:271B5DC9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-: n4:271B5DCA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability: n4:271B5DCC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity: n4:271B5DCB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count: n4:271B5DCD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption: Malathion in an acetone vehicle has been reported to be absorbed through normal human skin only to the extent of 8% of the applied dose. Absorption may be increased when malathion is applied to damaged skin. Malathion is rapidly and effectively absorbed by practically all routes including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mucous membranes, and lungs. However, it is readily excreted in the urine, and does not accumulate in organs or tissues.
n3:affectedOrganism: Head lice
n3:casRegistryNumber: 121-75-5
n3:category
n3:containedIn: n8:271B5DB9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B5DBA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B5DBB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Bioavailability: n4:271B5DD3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Boiling-Point: n4:271B5DD9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter: n4:271B5DD5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule: n4:271B5DD6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Melting-Point: n4:271B5DD8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings: n4:271B5DD2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge: n4:271B5DD1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five: n4:271B5DD4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name: n4:271B5DC3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-: n4:271B5DD0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5