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Namespace Prefixes

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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00731
rdf:type
n5:Drug
n5:description
Nateglinide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It belongs to the meglitinide class of short-acting insulin secretagogues, which act by binding to β cells of the pancreas to stimulate insulin release. Nateglinide is an amino acid derivative that induces an early insulin response to meals decreasing postprandial blood glucose levels. It should only be taken with meals and meal-time doses should be skipped with any skipped meal. Approximately one month of therapy is required before a decrease in fasting blood glucose is seen. Meglitnides may have a neutral effect on weight or cause a slight increase in weight. The average weight gain caused by meglitinides appears to be lower than that caused by sulfonylureas and insulin and appears to occur only in those naïve to oral antidiabetic agents. Due to their mechanism of action, meglitinides may cause hypoglycemia although the risk is thought to be lower than that of sulfonylureas since their action is dependent on the presence of glucose. In addition to reducing postprandial and fasting blood glucose, meglitnides have been shown to decrease glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, which are reflective of the last 8-10 weeks of glucose control. Meglitinides appear to be more effective at lowering postprandial blood glucose than metformin, sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones. Nateglinide is extensively metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine (83%) and feces (10%). The major metabolites possess less activity than the parent compound. One minor metabolite, the isoprene, has the same potency as its parent compound.
n5:dosage
n26:271B50FA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n26:271B50FB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n26:271B50FC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n26:271B50FD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:group
approved investigational
n5:halfLife
1.5 hours
n5:indication
For the treatment of non-insulin dependent-diabetes mellitus in conjunction with diet and exercise.
n5:manufacturer
n19:271B50F5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B50F4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B50F3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B50F2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n21:DB00731 n23:DB00731
dcterms:title
Nateglinide
adms:identifier
n10:Nateglinide n11:PA450600 n12:D01111 n13:0078-0351-05 n14:C12508 n15:146727 n16:DB00731
n5:mechanismOfAction
Nateglinide activity is dependent on the presence functioning β cells and glucose. In contrast to sulfonylurea insulin secretatogogues, nateglinide has no effect on insulin release in the absence of glucose. Rather, it potentiates the effect of extracellular glucose on ATP-sensitive potassium channel and has little effect on insulin levels between meals and overnight. As such, nateglinide is more effective at reducing postprandial blood glucose levels than fasting blood glucose levels and requires a longer duration of therapy (approximately one month) before decreases in fasting blood glucose are observed. The insulinotropic effects of nateglinide are highest at intermediate glucose levels (3 to 10 mmol/L) and it does not increase insulin release already stimulated by high glucose concentrations (greater than 15 mmol/L). Nateglinide appears to be selective for pancreatic β cells and does not appear to affect skeletal or cardiac muscle or thyroid tissue.
n5:packager
n19:271B50E9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B50EA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B50ED-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B50EE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B50EB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B50EC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B50F1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B50EF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B50F0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:patent
n8:2114678 n8:2271865 n8:6559188 n8:RE34878
n5:routeOfElimination
Urine (83%) and feces (10%)
n5:toxicity
An overdose may result in an exaggerated glucose-lowering effect with the development of hypoglycemic symptoms.
n5:volumeOfDistribution
10 liters in healthy subjects
n3:hasAHFSCode
n6:68-20-16
n5:foodInteraction
Take upto 30 minutes before meals.
n5:proteinBinding
98% bound to serum proteins, primarily serum albumin and to a lesser extent α1 acid glycoprotein
n5:salt
n5:synthesisReference
Michito Sumikawa, "Methods for producing nateglinide B-type crystals." U.S. Patent US20030229249, issued December 11, 2003.
n27:hasConcept
n28:M0353981
foaf:page
n18:nateglinide.html n22:sta1565.shtml n24:nateglinide.htm
n5:IUPAC-Name
n7:271B5102-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:InChI
n7:271B5108-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Molecular-Formula
n7:271B5107-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Molecular-Weight
n7:271B5104-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Monoisotopic-Weight
n7:271B5105-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:SMILES
n7:271B5106-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Water-Solubility
n7:271B5100-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B5118-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:logP
n7:271B50FE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B5101-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B5119-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:logS
n7:271B50FF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:hasATCCode
n4:A10BX03
n5:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n7:271B510E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n7:271B510F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:InChIKey
n7:271B5109-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n7:271B510A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Polarizability
n7:271B510C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Refractivity
n7:271B510B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n7:271B510D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:absorption
Rapidly absorbed following oral administration prior to a meal, absolute bioavailability is estimated to be approximately 73%. Peak plasma concentrations generally occur within 1 hour of oral administration. Onset of action is <20 minutes and the duration of action is approximately 4 hours.
n5:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n5:casRegistryNumber
105816-04-4
n5:category
n5:containedIn
n25:271B50F8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B50F9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B50F6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B50F7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Bioavailability
n7:271B5114-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Ghose-Filter
n7:271B5116-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:MDDR-Like-Rule
n7:271B5117-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Number-of-Rings
n7:271B5113-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Physiological-Charge
n7:271B5112-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Rule-of-Five
n7:271B5115-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n7:271B5103-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n7:271B5110-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:pKa--strongest-basic-
n7:271B5111-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5