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Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00599
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration. It is also used for hypnosis and for the control of convulsive states. It has been used in neurosurgical patients to reduce increased intracranial pressure. It does not produce any excitation but has poor analgesic and muscle relaxant properties. Small doses have been shown to be anti-analgesic and lower the pain threshold. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p920)
n3:generalReferences
# Morgan DJ, Blackman GL, Paull JD, Wolf LJ: Pharmacokinetics and plasma binding of thiopental. II: Studies at cesarean section. Anesthesiology. 1981 Jun;54(6):474-80. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7235275 # Perez-Barcena J, Barcelo B, Homar J, Abadal JM, Molina FJ, de la Pena A, Sahuquillo J, Ibanez J: [Comparison of the effectiveness of pentobarbital and thiopental in patients with refractory intracranial hypertension. Preliminary report of 20 patients] Neurocirugia (Astur). 2005 Feb;16(1):5-12; discussion 12-3. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15756405 # WINTERS WD, SPECTOR E, WALLACH DP, SHIDEMAN FE: Metabolism of thiopental-S35 and thiopental-2-C14 by a rat liver mince and identification of pentobarbital as a major metabolite. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1955 Jul;114(3):343-57. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13243246 # Bory C, Chantin C, Boulieu R, Cotte J, Berthier JC, Fraisse D, Bobenrieth MJ: [Use of thiopental in man. Determination of this drug and its metabolites in plasma and urine by liquid phase chromatography and mass spectrometry] C R Acad Sci III. 1986;303(1):7-12. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3093002
n3:group
approved
n3:halfLife
3-8 hours
n3:indication
For use as the sole anesthetic agent for brief (15 minute) procedures, for induction of anesthesia prior to administration of other anesthetic agents, to supplement regional anesthesia, to provide hypnosis during balanced anesthesia with other agents for analgesia or muscle relaxation, for the control of convulsive states during or following inhalation anesthesia or local anesthesia, in neurosurgical patients with increased intracranial pressure, and for narcoanalysis and narcosynthesis in psychiatric disorders.
n3:manufacturer
n16:271B5378-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n8:DB00599 n25:DB00599
dcterms:title
Thiopental
adms:identifier
n6:102166 n9:2272258 n12:3000715 n13:46504621 n14:C07521 n15:PA451664 n17:2579 n18:2579 n20:DB00599 n22:Thiopental
n3:mechanismOfAction
Thiopental binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl<sup>-</sup> ionopore at the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl<sup>-</sup> ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged.
n3:packager
n16:271B5377-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B5375-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B5376-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:synonym
Sodium Pentothal Penthiobarbital Thiopentone Bitaryl Thiopental Tiopentale Pentothiobarbital Thiopentobarbitone Omexolon Thiopentobarbituric acid 5-Ethyl-5-(1-methyl-butyl)-2-thioxo-dihydro-pyrimidine-4,6-dione Thiomebumalum Thiopentobarbital Trapanal 2-Thio-5-ethyl-5-sec-pentylbarbituric acid (+-)-Thiopental
n3:toxicity
Overdosage may occur from too rapid or repeated injections. Too rapid injection may be followed by an alarming fall in blood pressure even to shock levels. Apnea, occasional laryngospasm, coughing and other respiratory difficulties with excessive or too rapid injections may occur. Lethal blood levels may be as low as 1 mg/100 mL for short-acting barbiturates; less if other depressant drugs or alcohol are also present.
n23:hasAHFSCode
n29:28-04-00
n3:mixture
n19:271B5374-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:proteinBinding
Approximately 80% of the drug in the blood is bound to plasma protein.
n27:hasConcept
n28:M0021364
foaf:page
n11:thiopental.html n21:thiopental.htm
n3:IUPAC-Name
n4:271B537D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n4:271B5383-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n4:271B5382-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n4:271B537F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n4:271B5380-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n4:271B5381-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n4:271B537B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n4:271B5379-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B5393-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B537C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n4:271B5394-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B537A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa
n4:271B5395-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n23:hasATCCode
n24:N05CA19 n24:N01AF03
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n4:271B5389-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n4:271B538A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n4:271B5384-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n4:271B5385-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n4:271B5387-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n4:271B5386-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n4:271B5388-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Rapidly absorbed.
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber
76-75-5
n3:category
n3:Bioavailability
n4:271B538F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n4:271B5391-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n4:271B5392-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n4:271B538E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n4:271B538D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n4:271B5390-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n4:271B537E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n4:271B538B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-
n4:271B538C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5