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Namespace Prefixes

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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00575
rdf:type
n7:Drug
n7:description
Clonidine, an imidazoline-derivative hypotensive agent is a centrally-acting &alpha;<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic agonist. It crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts in the hypothalamus to induce a decrease in blood pressure. It may also be administered as an epidural infusion as an adjunct treatment in the management of severe cancer pain that is not relieved by opiate analgesics alone. Clonidine may be used for differential diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in hypertensive patients. Other uses for clonidine include prophylaxis of vascular migraine headaches, treatment of severe dysmenorrhea, management of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, rapid detoxification in the management of opiate withdrawal, treatment of alcohol withdrawal used in conjunction with benzodiazepines, management of nicotine dependence, topical use to reduce intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle and secondary glaucoma and hemorrhagic glaucoma associated with hypertension, and in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clonidine also exhibits some peripheral activity.
n7:dosage
n12:271B4CC4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CC5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CC6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CBA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CBF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CC0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CC1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CC2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CBB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CBC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CBD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CBE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CCA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CCB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CCC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CCD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CC3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CC7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CC8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B4CC9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:generalReferences
# Schapiro NA: "Dude, you don't have Tourette's:" Tourette's syndrome, beyond the tics. Pediatr Nurs. 2002 May-Jun;28(3):243-6, 249-53. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12087644 # Hossmann V, Maling TJ, Hamilton CA, Reid JL, Dollery CT: Sedative and cardiovascular effects of clonidine and nitrazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980 Aug;28(2):167-76. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7398184
n7:group
approved
n7:halfLife
6-20 hours; 40-60% is excreted in urine unchanged, 20% is excreted in feces. Less than 10% is excreted by <i>p</i>-hydroxyclonidine.
n7:indication
May be used as an adjunct in the treatment of hypertension, as an epidural infusion as an adjunct treatment in the management of severe cancer pain that is not relieved by opiate analgesics alone, for differential diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in hypertensive patients, prophylaxis of vascular migraine headaches, treatment of severe dysmenorrhea, management of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, rapid detoxification in the management of opiate withdrawal, treatment of alcohol withdrawal used in conjunction with benzodiazepines, management of nicotine dependence, topical use to reduce intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle and secondary glaucoma and hemorrhagic glaucoma associated with hypertension, and in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
n7:manufacturer
n8:271B4C97-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C95-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C96-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C87-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C88-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C85-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C86-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C8B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C8C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C89-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C8A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C8F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C90-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C8D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C8E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C93-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C94-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C91-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C92-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C83-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C84-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C82-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n11:DB00575 n18:DB00575
dcterms:title
Clonidine
adms:identifier
n4:46508119 n22:Clonidine n25:2701 n26:DB00575 n27:46631 n29:516 n30:D00281 n31:516 n32:PA449051 n33:2803 n34:49884-774-86 n35:CLU
n7:mechanismOfAction
See Pharmacology section above.
n7:packager
n8:271B4C73-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C74-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C71-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C72-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C6F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C70-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C6D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C6E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C6B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C6C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C4E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C4F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C81-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C4C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C4D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C7F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C4A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C80-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C4B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C48-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C7D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C7E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C49-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C7B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C46-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C7C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C47-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C79-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C44-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C7A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C45-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C77-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C78-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C43-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C75-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C76-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C5E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C5F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C5C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C5D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C5A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C5B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C58-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C59-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C56-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C57-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C54-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C55-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C52-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C53-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C50-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C51-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C64-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C62-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C63-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C60-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C61-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C6A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C68-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C69-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C66-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C67-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B4C65-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:patent
n21:5869100
n7:synonym
Clonidina Clonidin 2,6-Dichloro-N-2-imidazolidinylidenebenzenamine Chlofazoline Clonidinum 2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)imino]imidazoline
n7:toxicity
Oral LD<sub>50</sub> is 150 mg/kg in rat and 30 mg/kg in dog. Symptoms of overdose include constriction of pupils of the eye, drowsiness, high blood pressure followed by a drop in pressure, irritability, low body temperature, slowed breathing, slowed heartbeat, slowed reflexes, and weakness.
n5:hasAHFSCode
n6:24-08-16
n7:foodInteraction
Take without regard to meals. Avoid alcohol.
n7:mixture
n17:271B4C40-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B4C41-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B4C42-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:proteinBinding
20-40%, primarily to albumin
n7:salt
n7:synthesisReference
David R. Pierce, William D. Dean, Michael E. Deason, "Process for preparation of clonidine derivatives." U.S. Patent US5684156, issued October, 1968.
n19:hasConcept
n20:M0004605
foaf:page
n15:clonidine.html n23:cat1072.shtml n28:clonidin.htm
n7:IUPAC-Name
n9:271B4CD2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:InChI
n9:271B4CD8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Molecular-Formula
n9:271B4CD7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Molecular-Weight
n9:271B4CD4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Monoisotopic-Weight
n9:271B4CD5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:SMILES
n9:271B4CD6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Water-Solubility
n9:271B4CE7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4CD0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:logP
n9:271B4CE9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4CCE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4CD1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:logS
n9:271B4CCF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:pKa
n9:271B4CEB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:hasATCCode
n16:C02AC01 n16:N02CX02 n16:S01EA04
n7:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n9:271B4CDE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n9:271B4CDF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:InChIKey
n9:271B4CD9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n9:271B4CDA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Polarizability
n9:271B4CDC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Refractivity
n9:271B4CDB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n9:271B4CDD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:absorption
Well absorbed following oral administration. Bioavailability following chronic administration is approximately 65%.
n7:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n7:caco2-Permeability
n9:271B4CEA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:casRegistryNumber
4205-90-7
n7:category
n7:containedIn
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n7:Bioavailability
n9:271B4CE3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Ghose-Filter
n9:271B4CE5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:MDDR-Like-Rule
n9:271B4CE6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Melting-Point
n9:271B4CE8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Number-of-Rings
n9:271B4CE2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Physiological-Charge
n9:271B4CE1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Rule-of-Five
n9:271B4CE4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n9:271B4CD3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n7:pKa--strongest-basic-
n9:271B4CE0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5