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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00451
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (monoiodotyrosine) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (diiodotyrosine) in the thyroglobulin. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form triiodothyronine which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. [PubChem]
n3:dosage
n17:271B531B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B531C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B531D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B531E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5317-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5318-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5319-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B531A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B531F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5320-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5321-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5322-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B530B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B530C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B530D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B530E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5307-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5308-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5309-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B530A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5313-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5314-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5315-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5316-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B530F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5310-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5311-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5312-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B52FE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5303-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5304-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5305-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5306-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B52FF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5300-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5301-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n17:271B5302-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:generalReferences
# Uchino H, Kanai Y, Kim DK, Wempe MF, Chairoungdua A, Morimoto E, Anders MW, Endou H: Transport of amino acid-related compounds mediated by L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): insights into the mechanisms of substrate recognition. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;61(4):729-37. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11901210
n3:group
approved
n3:halfLife
T<sub>4</sub>, 6 to 7 days. T<sub>3</sub>, 1 to 2 days.
n3:indication
For use alone or in combination with antithyroid agents to treat hypothyroidism, goiter, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, myxedema coma, and stupor.
n3:manufacturer
n18:271B528D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B528E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5291-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5292-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B528F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5290-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5295-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5296-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5293-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5294-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n23:DB00451 n30:DB00451
dcterms:title
Levothyroxine
adms:identifier
n7:5614 n8:DB00451 n9:18332 n10:2635 n11:C01829 n12:2635 n13:5819 n14:46507672 n15:0781-5180-01 n16:PA450221 n19:Levothyroxine
n3:mechanismOfAction
Levothyroxine acts like the endogenous thyroid hormone thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>, a tetra-iodinated tyrosine derivative). In the liver and kidney, T<sub>4</sub> is converted to T<sub>3</sub>, the active metabolite. In order to increase solubility, the thyroid hormones attach to thyroid hormone binding proteins, thyroxin-binding globulin, and thyroxin-binding prealbumin (transthyretin). Transport and binding to thyroid hormone receptors in the cytoplasm and nucleus then takes place. Thus by acting as a replacement for natural thyroxine, symptoms of thyroxine deficiency are relieved.
n3:packager
n18:271B5247-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5246-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B526E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B526F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B526C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B526D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B526A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B526B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5268-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5269-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5266-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5267-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5264-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5265-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5262-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5263-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5260-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5261-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B525E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B525F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B525C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B525D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B525A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B525B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5258-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5259-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5256-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5257-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5254-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5255-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5252-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5253-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5250-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5251-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5288-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B528C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5286-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5287-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5284-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5285-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5282-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5283-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5280-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5281-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B527E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B527F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B527C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B527D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B527A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B527B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5278-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5279-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5276-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5277-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5274-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5275-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5272-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5273-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B528B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5270-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5271-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5289-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B528A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B524E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B524F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B524C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B524D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B524A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B524B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5248-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B5249-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:patent
n32:6399101 n32:7723390
n3:routeOfElimination
Thyroid hormones are primarily eliminated by the kidneys.
n3:synonym
3,5,3',5'-TETRAIODO-L-thyronine LT4 O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diidophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine L-T4 T4 Levothyroxin Levothyroxine 4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodo-L-phenylalanine O-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine L-Thyroxine 3,3',5,5'-Tetraiodo-L-thyronine
n3:toxicity
LD<sub>50</sub>=20 mg/kg (orally in rat). Hypermetabolic state indistinguishable from thyrotoxicosis of endogenous origin. Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include weight loss, increased appetite, palpitations, nervousness, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, sweating, tachycardia, increased pulse and blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias, tremors, insomnia, heat intolerance, fever, and menstrual irregularities.
n24:hasAHFSCode
n25:68-36-04
n3:foodInteraction
Oral administration with infant soybean formula, soybean flour, cotton seed meal, walnuts, foods containing large amounts of fiber, ferrous sulfate, and antacids may decrease drug absorption. Consistent administration in relation to meals is recommended. Absorption increased in fasting state and decreased in malabsorption states. Take 30-60 minutes before breakfast. No iron or calium carbonate within 4 hours of taking this medication.
n3:mixture
n29:271B5244-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n29:271B5245-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:proteinBinding
> 99% to serum proteins, including thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA), and albumin (TBA)
n3:salt
n3:synthesisReference
Jivn-Ren Chen, Dimitri C. Papadimitriou, "Stable dosage of levothyroxine sodium and process of production." U.S. Patent US5225204, issued November, 1991.
n26:hasConcept
n27:M0021504
foaf:page
n21:levothy.htm n28:levothyroxine.html n31:syn1421.shtml
n3:IUPAC-Name
n4:271B5327-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n4:271B532D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n4:271B532C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n4:271B5329-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n4:271B532A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n4:271B532B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n4:271B5325-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B533D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n4:271B5326-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B5323-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B533F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n4:271B5324-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n4:271B5333-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n4:271B5334-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n4:271B532E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n4:271B532F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n4:271B5331-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n4:271B5330-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n4:271B5332-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Bioavailability varies from 48% to 80%. Human studies have confirmed the importance of an intact jejunum and ileum for levothyroxine absorption and have shown some absorption from the duodenum.
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber
51-48-9
n3:containedIn
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n3:Bioavailability
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n3:Ghose-Filter
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n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
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n3:Melting-Point
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n3:Number-of-Rings
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n3:Physiological-Charge
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n3:Rule-of-Five
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n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
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n3:pKa--strongest-acidic-
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n3:pKa--strongest-basic-
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