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Namespace Prefixes

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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00404
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of panic disorders, with or without agoraphobia, and in generalized anxiety disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238)
n3:dosage
n25:271B451E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B451F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4520-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B451A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B451B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B451C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B451D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4518-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4519-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4523-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4524-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4521-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4522-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:generalReferences
# Risse SC, Whitters A, Burke J, Chen S, Scurfield RM, Raskind MA: Severe withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of alprazolam in eight patients with combat-induced posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990 May;51(5):206-9. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2335496 # Wolf B, Griffiths RR: Physical dependence on benzodiazepines: differences within the class. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1991 Dec 31;29(2):153-6. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1686752 # Haque W, Watson DJ, Bryant SG: Death following suspected alprazolam withdrawal seizures: a case report. Tex Med. 1990 Jan;86(1):44-7. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2300914 # Hori A: Pharmacotherapy for personality disorders. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998 Feb;52(1):13-9. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9682928 # Garcia-Algar O, Lopez-Vilchez MA, Martin I, Mur A, Pellegrini M, Pacifici R, Rossi S, Pichini S: Confirmation of gestational exposure to alprazolam by analysis of biological matrices in a newborn with neonatal sepsis. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45(3):295-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17453885
n3:group
approved illicit investigational
n3:halfLife
6.3-26.9 hours
n3:indication
For the management of anxiety disorder or the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety and for the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia.
n3:manufacturer
n4:271B44F3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44F1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44F2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44EA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44EB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44DE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44E8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44EE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44EC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44ED-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44DD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44E5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44E6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44E3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44E4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44EF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44F0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44E7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44E9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44E1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44E2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44DF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44E0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n13:DB00404 n20:DB00404
dcterms:title
Alprazolam
adms:identifier
n7:PA448333 n8:2118 n9:D00225 n10:64980-140-06 n11:46507078 n28:Alprazolam n29:2611 n30:C06817 n31:2034 n32:DB00404
n3:mechanismOfAction
Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA<sub>A</sub>) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.
n3:packager
n4:271B44D2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44D3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44D0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44D1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B449C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B449D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44B5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44B6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44B3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44B4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44B1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44B2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44AF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44B0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44BE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44BF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44BC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44BD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44DC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44BA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44BB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44DA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44B7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44DB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44B9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44D8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44D9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44D6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44D7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44A6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44A7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44A4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44A5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44A2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44A3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44A0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44A1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44D5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44AC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44AD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44AA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44AB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44A8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44A9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B449E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B449F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44B8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44D4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44AE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44C6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44C7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44C4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44C5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44C2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44C3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44C0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44C1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44CE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44CF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44CC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44CD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44CA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44CB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44C8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B44C9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:patent
n26:6024981
n3:routeOfElimination
Alprazolam and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine.
n3:synonym
Alprazolam Xanax 8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-S-triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine
n3:toxicity
Oral, mouse: LD<sub>50</sub>=1020 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include confusion, coma, impaired coordination, sleepiness, and slowed reaction time.
n17:hasAHFSCode
n24:28-24-08
n3:foodInteraction
Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine). Take with food. Avoid taking with grapefruit juice. Avoid alcohol.
n3:proteinBinding
80% (mainly to albumin)
n3:synthesisReference
Hester, J.B., Jr.; US. Patent 3,681,343; August 1,1972; assigned to The Upjohn Company. Hester, J.B., Jr.; US.Patent 3,781,289; December 25,1973;assigned to The Upjohn Company. Hester, J.B., Jr.; U S . Patent 3,709898; January 9,1973; assigned to The Upjohn Company.
n21:hasConcept
n22:M0000806
foaf:page
n15:alprazolam.html n16:xan1491.shtml n19:alpraz.htm
n3:IUPAC-Name
n5:271B4529-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n5:271B452F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n5:271B452E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n5:271B452B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n5:271B452C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n5:271B452D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n5:271B4527-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B453F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n5:271B4541-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4525-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B4528-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n5:271B4526-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n17:hasATCCode
n18:N05BA12
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n5:271B4535-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n5:271B4536-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n5:271B4530-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n5:271B4531-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n5:271B4533-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n5:271B4532-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n5:271B4534-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is 80-90%.
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber
28981-97-7
n3:category
n3:clearance
* 2.13 +/- 0.54 mL/min/kg [CYP3A inducers] * 0.90 +/- 0.21 mL/min/kg [without CYP3A inducers]
n3:containedIn
n23:271B4502-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4503-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4500-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4501-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4516-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4514-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4515-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4512-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4513-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4504-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B450E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B450A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B450B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4508-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4509-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4506-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4507-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B44FF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4505-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4511-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4517-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B450F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B4510-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B450C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B450D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B44F5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B44F6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B44F4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B44FD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B44FE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B44FB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B44FC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B44F9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B44FA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B44F7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n23:271B44F8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Bioavailability
n5:271B453B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n5:271B453D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n5:271B453E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Melting-Point
n5:271B4540-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n5:271B453A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n5:271B4539-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n5:271B453C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n5:271B452A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n5:271B4537-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-
n5:271B4538-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5