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Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00318
rdf:type
n6:Drug
n6:description
An opioid analgesic related to morphine but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough. [PubChem]
n6:dosage
n7:271B5325-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B5326-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B5327-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B5328-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B5324-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:generalReferences
# Schroeder K, Fahey T: Over-the-counter medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004 Oct 18;(4):CD001831. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15495019 # Vree TB, van Dongen RT, Koopman-Kimenai PM: Codeine analgesia is due to codeine-6-glucuronide, not morphine. Int J Clin Pract. 2000 Jul-Aug;54(6):395-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11092114 # Srinivasan V, Wielbo D, Tebbett IR: Analgesic effects of codeine-6-glucuronide after intravenous administration. Eur J Pain. 1997;1(3):185-90. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15102399
n6:group
illicit approved
n6:halfLife
Plasma half-lives of codeine and its metabolites have been reported to be approximately 3 hours.
n6:indication
For treatment and management of pain (systemic). It is also used as an antidiarrheal and as a cough suppressant.
n6:manufacturer
n9:271B5319-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n21:DB00318 n25:DB00318
dcterms:title
Codeine
adms:identifier
n4:16714 n5:4447447 n22:54868-2541-0 n23:Codeine n24:D03580 n27:5284371 n28:46507764 n29:C06174 n30:PA449088 n31:DB00318
n6:mechanismOfAction
Opiate receptors are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G-proteins that activate effector proteins. Binding of the opiate stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP on the G-protein complex. As the effector system is adenylate cyclase and cAMP located at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, opioids decrease intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. Subsequently, the release of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline is inhibited. Opioids also inhibit the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon. Codeine's analgesic activity is, most likely, due to its conversion to morphine. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated calcium channels (OP2-receptor agonist) and open calcium-dependent inwardly rectifying potassium channels (OP3 and OP1 receptor agonist). This results in hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.
n6:packager
n9:271B5317-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5318-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5309-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B530A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5307-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5308-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B530D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B530E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B530B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B530C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5311-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5312-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B530F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5310-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5315-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5316-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5313-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5314-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52F9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52FA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52F7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52F8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52FD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52FE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52FB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52FC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5301-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5302-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52FF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5300-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5305-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5306-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5303-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B5304-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52E9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52EA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52E7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52E8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52ED-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52EE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52EB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52EC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52F1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52F2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52EF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52F0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52F5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52F6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52F3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52F4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52D9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52DA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52D7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52D8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52DD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52DE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52DB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52DC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52E1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52E2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52DF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52E0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52E5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52E6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52E3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52E4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52C9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52CA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52C7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52C8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52CD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52CE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52CB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52CC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52D1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52D2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52CF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52D0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52D5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52D6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52D3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52D4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52B9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52BA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52B8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52BD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52BE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52BB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52BC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52C1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52C2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52BF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52C0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52C5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52C6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52C3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B52C4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:routeOfElimination
90% of the total dose of codeine is excreted through the kidneys, of which 10% is unchanged codeine.
n6:synonym
Coducept O(3)-Methylmorphine L-Codeine Codeinum Codeine anhydrous Codicept Methylmorphine Morphine monomethyl ether (5α,6α)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-ol morphine monomethyl ether 7,8-Didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6alpha-ol 3-methylmorphine Codein morphine 3-methyl ether 3-Methylmorphin Codéine Codeína (5alpha,6alpha)-7,8-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-ol morphine-3-methyl ether
n6:toxicity
Respiratory depression, sedation and miosis and common symptoms of overdose. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, skeletal muscle flaccidity, bradycardia, hypotension, and cool, clammy skin. Apnea and death may ensue.
n6:volumeOfDistribution
Apparent volume of distribution = 3-6 L/kg
n10:hasAHFSCode
n11:28-08-08 n11:48-08-00
n6:foodInteraction
Take with food, food reduces irritation. To avoid constipation: increase your daily intake of fiber (beans, whole grains, vegetables). Avoid alcohol.
n6:mixture
n12:271B52B6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B52B7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B52B4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B52B5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B52B2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B52B3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B52B0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B52B1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B52AE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n12:271B52AF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:proteinBinding
7-25% bound to plasma proteins.
n6:salt
n6:synthesisReference
Nagaraj R. Ayyangar, Anil R. Choudhary, Uttam R. Kalkote, Vasant K. Sharma, "Process for the preparation of codeine from morphine." U.S. Patent US4764615, issued May, 1912.
n14:hasConcept
n15:M0004700
foaf:page
n18:codphos.htm n26:codeine-phosphate-soluble-tablets.html
n6:IUPAC-Name
n8:271B532D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:InChI
n8:271B5333-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Molecular-Formula
n8:271B5332-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Molecular-Weight
n8:271B532F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Monoisotopic-Weight
n8:271B5330-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:SMILES
n8:271B5331-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Water-Solubility
n8:271B5343-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B532B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:logP
n8:271B5346-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B532C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B5329-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:logS
n8:271B5347-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B532A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:pKa
n8:271B5348-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n10:hasATCCode
n13:R05DA04
n6:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n8:271B5339-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n8:271B533A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:InChIKey
n8:271B5334-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n8:271B5335-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Polarizability
n8:271B5337-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Refractivity
n8:271B5336-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n8:271B5338-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:absorption
Well absorbed following oral administration with a bioavailability of approximately 90%. Maximum plasma concentration occurs 60 minutes post-administration. Food does not effect the rate or extent of absorption of codeine.
n6:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n6:casRegistryNumber
76-57-3
n6:category
n6:containedIn
n16:271B531A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B531D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B531E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B531B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B531C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B5321-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B5322-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B531F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B5320-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n16:271B5323-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Bioavailability
n8:271B533F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Boiling-Point
n8:271B5345-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Ghose-Filter
n8:271B5341-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:MDDR-Like-Rule
n8:271B5342-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Melting-Point
n8:271B5344-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Number-of-Rings
n8:271B533E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Physiological-Charge
n8:271B533D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Rule-of-Five
n8:271B5340-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n8:271B532E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n8:271B533B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n6:pKa--strongest-basic-
n8:271B533C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5