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Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00312
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)
n3:generalReferences
# Knodell RG, Spector MH, Brooks DA, Keller FX, Kyner WT: Alterations in pentobarbital pharmacokinetics in response to parenteral and enteral alimentation in the rat. Gastroenterology. 1980 Dec;79(6):1211-6. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6777235
n3:group
approved
n3:halfLife
5 to 50 hours (dose dependent)
n3:indication
For the short-term treatment of insomnia.
n3:manufacturer
n5:271B5038-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5036-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5037-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5034-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5035-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5032-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5033-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5030-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5031-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B502E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B502F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B502C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B502D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B502A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B502B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5028-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5029-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n23:DB00312 n24:DB00312
dcterms:title
Pentobarbital
adms:identifier
n9:4737 n10:46508399 n11:67386-501-55 n12:PA450859 n13:C07422 n14:D00499 n15:DB00312 n16:7983 n17:4575 n26:Pentobarbital
n3:mechanismOfAction
Pentobarbital binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABAA receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. All of these effects are associated with marked decreases in GABA-sensitive neuronal calcium conductance (gCa). The net result of barbiturate action is acute potentiation of inhibitory GABAergic tone. Barbiturates also act through potent (if less well characterized) and direct inhibition of excitatory AMPA-type glutamate receptors, resulting in a profound suppression of glutamatergic neurotransmission.
n3:packager
n5:271B5022-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5023-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5026-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5027-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5024-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n5:271B5025-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:routeOfElimination
Barbiturates are metabolized primarily by the hepatic microsomal enzyme system, and the metabolic products are excreted in the urine, and less commonly, in the feces. Approximately 25 to 50 percent of a dose of aprobarbital or phenobarbital is eliminated unchanged in the urine, whereas the amount of other barbiturates excreted unchanged in the urine is negligible.
n3:synonym
Pentobarbital 5-ethyl-5-(sec-pentyl)barbituric acid 5-Ethyl-5-(1-methyl-butyl)-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione Pentobarbitone Nembutal 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid 5-Ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
n3:toxicity
Symptoms of an overdose typically include sluggishness, incoordination, difficulty in thinking, slowness of speech, faulty judgment, drowsiness or coma, shallow breathing, staggering, and in severe cases coma and death.
n19:hasAHFSCode
n20:28-24-04
n3:salt
n27:hasConcept
n28:M0016182
foaf:page
n7:pentob.htm n21:pentobarbital.html
n3:IUPAC-Name
n4:271B503F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n4:271B5045-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n4:271B5044-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n4:271B5041-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n4:271B5042-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n4:271B5043-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n4:271B503D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B5054-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n4:271B503B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B503E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B5056-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n4:271B503C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B5057-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa
n4:271B5058-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n19:hasATCCode
n29:N05CA01
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n4:271B504B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n4:271B504C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n4:271B5046-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n4:271B5047-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n4:271B5049-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n4:271B5048-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n4:271B504A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Barbiturates are absorbed in varying degrees following oral, rectal, or parenteral administration.
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber
76-74-4
n3:category
n3:containedIn
n25:271B5039-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B503A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Bioavailability
n4:271B5050-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n4:271B5052-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n4:271B5053-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Melting-Point
n4:271B5055-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n4:271B504F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n4:271B504E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n4:271B5051-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n4:271B5040-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n4:271B504D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5