This HTML5 document contains 212 embedded RDF statements represented using HTML+Microdata notation.

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Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00252
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. [PubChem]
n3:dosage
n20:271B3F55-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B3F56-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B3F4A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B3F4B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B3F4C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B3F4D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B3F4E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B3F4F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B3F50-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B3F51-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B3F52-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B3F53-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n20:271B3F54-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:generalReferences
# https://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA145011115
n3:group
approved
n3:halfLife
22 hours (range of 7 to 42 hours)
n3:indication
For the control of generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) and complex partial (psychomotor, temporal lobe) seizures and prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during or following neurosurgery.
n3:manufacturer
n7:271B3F1C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F1D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F1A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F1B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F18-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F19-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F16-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F17-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F24-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F25-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F22-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F23-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F20-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F21-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F1E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F1F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F2C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F2D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F2A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F2B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F28-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F29-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F26-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F27-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F14-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F15-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F13-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n17:DB00252 n34:DB00252
dcterms:title
Phenytoin
adms:identifier
n10:Phenytoin n19:8107 n21:1710 n22:51672-4069-1 n23:PA450947 n24:C07443 n25:D00512 n26:2624 n27:2624 n28:DB00252 n29:1775 n30:46508847
n3:mechanismOfAction
Phenytoin acts on sodium channels on the neuronal cell membrane, limiting the spread of seizure activity and reducing seizure propagation. By promoting sodium efflux from neurons, phenytoin tends to stabilize the threshold against hyperexcitability caused by excessive stimulation or environmental changes capable of reducing membrane sodium gradient. This includes the reduction of post-tetanic potentiation at synapses. Loss of post-tetanic potentiation prevents cortical seizure foci from detonating adjacent cortical areas.
n3:packager
n7:271B3F10-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F11-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F0E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F0F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F12-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F08-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F09-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F06-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F07-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F0C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F0D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F0A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F0B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F00-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F01-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EFE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EFF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F04-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F05-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F02-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3F03-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EF8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EF9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EF6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EF7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EFC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EFD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EFA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EFB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3ED5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EF0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EF1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EEE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EEF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EF4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EF5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EF2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EF3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EE8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EE9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EE6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EE7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EEC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EED-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EEA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EEB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EE0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EE1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EDE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EDF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EE4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EE5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EE2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EE3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3ED8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3ED9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3ED6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3ED7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EDC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EDD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EDA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B3EDB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:routeOfElimination
Most of the drug is excreted in the bile as inactive metabolites which are then reabsorbed from the intestinal tract and excreted in the urine. Urinary excretion of phenytoin and its metabolites occurs partly with glomerular filtration but, more importantly, by tubular secretion.
n3:synonym
5,5-Diphenyltetrahydro-1H-2,4-imidazoledione Phenytoine 5,5-diphenyltetrahydro-1H-2,4-imidazoledione 5,5-Diphenyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione Phenytoinum DILANTIN Fenitoina PHENTYTOIN 5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
n3:toxicity
Oral, mouse: LD<sub>50</sub> = 150 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD<sub>50</sub> = 1635 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include coma, difficulty in pronouncing words correctly, involuntary eye movement, lack of muscle coordination, low blood pressure, nausea, sluggishness, slurred speech, tremors, and vomiting.
n11:hasAHFSCode
n33:28-12-12
n3:foodInteraction
Avoid alcohol. Do not take calcium, aluminum, magnesium or Iron supplements within 2 hours of taking this medication. Take with food to increase bioavailability and reduce irritation.
n3:mixture
n15:271B3ED3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B3ED4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:proteinBinding
Highly protein bound, 90%
n3:salt
n3:synthesisReference
Mahdi B. Fawzi, Anne K. Taylor, "Parenteral phenytoin preparations." U.S. Patent US4642316, issued April, 1981.
n4:hasConcept
n5:M0016580
foaf:page
n14:phenytoin.html n31:phenyt.htm n32:dil1136.shtml
n3:IUPAC-Name
n6:271B3F5B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n6:271B3F61-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n6:271B3F60-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n6:271B3F5D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n6:271B3F5E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n6:271B3F5F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n6:271B3F71-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B3F59-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n6:271B3F73-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B3F57-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B3F5A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n6:271B3F58-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa
n6:271B3F75-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n11:hasATCCode
n12:N03AB02
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n6:271B3F67-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n6:271B3F68-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n6:271B3F62-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n6:271B3F63-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n6:271B3F65-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n6:271B3F64-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n6:271B3F66-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Bioavailability 70-100% oral, 24.4% for rectal and intravenous administration. Rapid rate of absorption with peak blood concentration expected in 1&frac12; to 3 hours.
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:caco2-Permeability
n6:271B3F74-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:casRegistryNumber
57-41-0
n3:category
n3:containedIn
n8:271B3F43-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F44-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F41-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F42-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F47-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F48-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F45-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F46-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F3B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F3C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F39-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F3A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F3F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F40-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F3D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F3E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F33-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F34-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F31-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F32-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F37-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F38-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F35-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F36-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F2F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F30-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F2E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B3F49-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Bioavailability
n6:271B3F6D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n6:271B3F6F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n6:271B3F70-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Melting-Point
n6:271B3F72-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n6:271B3F6C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n6:271B3F6B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n6:271B3F6E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n6:271B3F5C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n6:271B3F69-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-
n6:271B3F6A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5