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Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00182
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
Amphetamine is a chiral compound. The racemic mixture can be divided into its optical antipodes: levo- and dextro-amphetamine. Amphetamine is the parent compound of its own structural class, comprising a broad range of psychoactive derivatives, e.g., MDMA (Ecstasy) and the N-methylated form, methamphetamine. Amphetamine is a homologue of phenethylamine.
n3:generalReferences
# Leith NJ, Kuczenski R: Chronic amphetamine: tolerance and reverse tolerance reflect different behavioral actions of the drug. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1981 Sep;15(3):399-404. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291243 # Chaudhry IA, Turkanis SA, Karler R: Characteristics of "reverse tolerance" to amphetamine-induced locomotor stimulation in mice. Neuropharmacology. 1988 Aug;27(8):777-81. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3216957 # Sax KW, Strakowski SM: Behavioral sensitization in humans. J Addict Dis. 2001;20(3):55-65. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11681593 # Sulzer D, Sonders MS, Poulsen NW, Galli A: Mechanisms of neurotransmitter release by amphetamines: a review. Prog Neurobiol. 2005 Apr;75(6):406-33. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15955613
n3:group
approved illicit
n3:halfLife
10 hours
n3:indication
For treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADDH) and narcolepsy in children.
n3:manufacturer
n8:271B538A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B5388-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B5389-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n13:DB00182 n16:DB00182
dcterms:title
Amphetamine
adms:identifier
n22:2147 n23:C07514 n24:2147 n25:2679 n26:DB00182 n27:PA448408 n28:Amphetamine n29:D07445
n3:mechanismOfAction
Amphetamines stimulate the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, they cause release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic system and the nigrostriatal dopamine systems. Amphetamine may also act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptors and may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). In the periphery, amphetamines are believed to cause the release of noradrenaline by acting on the adrenergic nerve terminals and alpha- and beta-receptors. Modulation of serotonergic pathways may contribute to the calming affect. The drug interacts with VMAT enzymes to enhance release of DA and 5-HT from vesicles. It may also directly cause the reversal of DAT and SERT.
n3:packager
n8:271B5383-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B5381-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B5382-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B5380-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B5384-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B5385-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B5386-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n8:271B5387-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:synonym
1-phenyl-2-aminopropane α-methylphenethylamine β-aminopropylbenzene Amphetamine alpha-Methylbenzeneethaneamine alpha-Methylphenylethylamine Amphetamin beta-Phenylisopropylamine beta-Aminopropylbenzene β-phenylisopropylamine α-methylbenzeneethaneamine 1-Phenylpropan-2-amin beta-Phenylisopropylamin Desoxynorephedrine Amfetaminum Amfetamine
n3:toxicity
LD<sub>50</sub>=180 mg/kg(subcutaneous injection in rat). The most common presenting symptoms seen are agitation, hallucinations, suicidal behaviour, and chest pain.
n17:hasAHFSCode
n19:28-20-04
n3:mixture
n20:271B537F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:proteinBinding
15-40%
n3:synthesisReference
Guohong Wang, "Composition and methods for synthesis of novel tracers for detecting amphetamine and methamphetamine in samples." U.S. Patent US20020090661, issued July 11, 2002.
n6:hasConcept
n7:M0001012
foaf:page
n10:amphetamine.html n11:add1008.shtml n14:adderallxr.htm
n3:IUPAC-Name
n4:271B539E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n4:271B53A4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n4:271B53A3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n4:271B53A0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n4:271B53A1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n4:271B53A2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n4:271B539C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B53B3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n4:271B539A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B539D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B53B5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n4:271B539B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa
n4:271B53B6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n17:hasATCCode
n18:N06BA01
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n4:271B53AA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n4:271B53AB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n4:271B53A5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n4:271B53A6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n4:271B53A8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n4:271B53A7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n4:271B53A9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
Amphetamine forms easily absorbed molecules that are highly lipid soluble
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber
300-62-9
n3:category
n3:containedIn
n15:271B538D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B538B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B538C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B5393-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B5394-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B5391-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B5392-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B5397-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B5398-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B5395-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B5396-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B5399-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B538F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B5390-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n15:271B538E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Bioavailability
n4:271B53AF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n4:271B53B1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n4:271B53B2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Melting-Point
n4:271B53B4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n4:271B53AE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n4:271B53AD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n4:271B53B0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n4:271B539F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-
n4:271B53AC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5