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Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
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n18http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB00163/identifier/drugbank/
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n12http://linked.opendata.cz/ontology/sukl/drug/

Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00163
rdf:type
n3:Drug
n3:description
A generic descriptor for all tocopherols and tocotrienols that exhibit alpha-tocopherol activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of isoprenoids. [PubChem]
n3:generalReferences
# Iuliano L, Micheletta F, Maranghi M, Frati G, Diczfalusy U, Violi F: Bioavailability of vitamin E as function of food intake in healthy subjects: effects on plasma peroxide-scavenging activity and cholesterol-oxidation products. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001 Oct;21(10):E34-7. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11597949 # Miller ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, Riemersma RA, Appel LJ, Guallar E: Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jan 4;142(1):37-46. Epub 2004 Nov 10. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15537682 # Horwitt MK, Elliott WH, Kanjananggulpan P, Fitch CD: Serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol after ingestion of various vitamin E preparations. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984 Aug;40(2):240-5. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6465056 # Rumbold AR, Crowther CA, Haslam RR, Dekker GA, Robinson JS: Vitamins C and E and the risks of preeclampsia and perinatal complications. N Engl J Med. 2006 Apr 27;354(17):1796-806. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16641396 # Poston L, Briley AL, Seed PT, Kelly FJ, Shennan AH: Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2006 Apr 8;367(9517):1145-54. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16616557 # Linus Pauling Institute "Link":http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminE/
n3:group
approved nutraceutical
n3:indication
Vitamin E, known for its antioxidant activities, is protective against cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer and has also demonstrated immune-enhancing effects. It may be of limited benefit in some with asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. It may be helpful in some neurological diseases including Alzheimer's, some eye disorders including cataracts, and diabetes and premenstrual syndrome. It may also help protect skin from ultraviolet irradiation although claims that it reverses skin aging, enhances male fertility and exercise performance are poorly supported. It may help relieve some muscle cramps.
owl:sameAs
n24:DB00163 n26:DB00163
dcterms:title
Vitamin E
adms:identifier
n6:Vitamin_E n9:46506524 n10:PA451900 n11:14985 n14:18145 n15:C02477 n16:VIT n17:14265 n18:DB00163
n3:mechanismOfAction
Although all forms of Vitamin E exhibit antioxidant activity, it is known that the antioxidant activity of vitamin E is not sufficient to explain the vitamin's biological activity. <br/>Vitamin E's anti-atherogenic activity involves the inhibition of the oxidation of LDL and the accumulation of oxLDL in the arterial wall. It also appears to reduce oxLDL-induced apoptosis in human endothelial cells. Oxidation of LDL is a key early step in atherogenesis as it triggers a number of events which lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, vitamin E inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) activity. PKC plays a role in smooth muscle cell proliferation, and, thus, the inhibition of PKC results in inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, which is involved in atherogenesis. <br/>Vitamin E's antithrombotic and anticoagulant activities involves the downregulation of the expression of intracellular cell adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1 which lowers the adhesion of blood components to the endothelium. In addition, vitamin E upregulates the expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 which in turn enhances the release of prostacyclin. Prostacyclin is a vasodilating factor and inhibitor of platelet aggregation and platelet release. It is also known that platelet aggregation is mediated by a mechanism involving the binding of fibrinogen to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) complex of platelets. GPIIb/IIIa is the major membrane receptor protein that is key to the role of the platelet aggregation response. GPIIb is the alpha-subunit of this platelet membrane protein. Alpha-tocopherol downregulates GPIIb promoter activity which results in reduction of GPIIb protein expression and decreased platelet aggregation. Vitamin E has also been found in culture to decrease plasma production of thrombin, a protein which binds to platelets and induces aggregation. A metabolite of vitamin E called vitamin E quinone or alpha-tocopheryl quinone (TQ) is a potent anticoagulant. This metabolite inhibits vitamin K-dependent carboxylase, which is a major enzyme in the coagulation cascade.<br/>The neuroprotective effects of vitamin E are explained by its antioxidant effects. Many disorders of the nervous system are caused by oxidative stress. Vitamin E protects against this stress, thereby protecting the nervouse system. <br/>The immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin E have been demonstrated in vitro, where alpha-tocopherol increases mitogenic response of T lymphocytes from aged mice. The mechanism of this response by vitamin E is not well understood, however it has been suggested that vitamin E itself may have mitogenic activity independent of its antioxidant activity. <br/>Lastly, the mechanism of action of vitamin E's antiviral effects (primarily against HIV-1) involves its antioxidant activity. Vitamin E reduces oxidative stress, which is thought to contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis, as well as to the pathogenesis of other viral infections. Vitamin E also affects membrane integrity and fluidity and, since HIV-1 is a membraned virus, altering membrane fluidity of HIV-1 may interfere with its ability to bind to cell-receptor sites, thus decreasing its infectivity.
n3:packager
n25:271B4EDD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EDE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EDB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EDC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4ED9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EDA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EF4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EF5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EF2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EF3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EF0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EF1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EE0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EDF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EEF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EFC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EFD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EFA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EFB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EF8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EE7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EF9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EE8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EF6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EE5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EF7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EE6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F04-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EE3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F05-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EE4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F02-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EE1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F03-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EE2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F00-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F01-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EFE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EED-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EFF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EEE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F0C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EEB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F0D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EEC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F0A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EE9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F0B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4EEA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F08-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F09-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F06-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F07-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F14-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F12-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F13-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F10-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F11-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F0E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n25:271B4F0F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:synonym
d-alpha-tocopherol 5,7,8-Trimethyltocol (2R)-2,5,7,8-TETRAMETHYL-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]chroman-6-ol (+)-alpha-tocopherol (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol d-α-tocopherol Vitamin e alpha-Tocopherol (2R,4'R,8'r)-alpha-tocopherol (+)-α-tocopherol (R,R,R)-α-tocopherol
n12:hasAHFSCode
n13:88-20-00 n13:84-24-12
n3:proteinBinding
Bound to beta-lipoproteins in blood.
n3:synthesisReference
Ralph E. Close, William Oroshnik, "Synthesis of dehydrophytol and Vitamin E." U.S. Patent US4039591, issued February, 1945.
n21:hasConcept
n22:M0022802
foaf:page
n8:vitamin_e.html n20:vit_0266.shtml
n3:IUPAC-Name
n19:271B4F2D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChI
n19:271B4F33-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Formula
n19:271B4F32-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Molecular-Weight
n19:271B4F2F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Monoisotopic-Weight
n19:271B4F30-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:SMILES
n19:271B4F31-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Water-Solubility
n19:271B4F43-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B4F2B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logP
n19:271B4F45-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B4F2C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B4F29-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:logS
n19:271B4F2A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n19:271B4F39-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n19:271B4F3A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:InChIKey
n19:271B4F34-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n19:271B4F35-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Polarizability
n19:271B4F37-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Refractivity
n19:271B4F36-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n19:271B4F38-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:absorption
50 to 80% absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.
n3:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n3:casRegistryNumber
59-02-9
n3:category
n3:containedIn
n4:271B4F24-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F21-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F22-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F17-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F18-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F15-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F16-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F1F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F20-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F1D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F1E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F1B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F1C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F19-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F1A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F27-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F28-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F25-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F26-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n4:271B4F23-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Bioavailability
n19:271B4F3F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Ghose-Filter
n19:271B4F41-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:MDDR-Like-Rule
n19:271B4F42-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Melting-Point
n19:271B4F44-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Number-of-Rings
n19:271B4F3E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Physiological-Charge
n19:271B4F3D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Rule-of-Five
n19:271B4F40-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n19:271B4F2E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n19:271B4F3B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n3:pKa--strongest-basic-
n19:271B4F3C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5