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Namespace Prefixes

PrefixIRI
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dctermshttp://purl.org/dc/terms/
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n28http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/
n5http://linked.opendata.cz/ontology/drugbank/
n26http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/
n9http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/property/
n23http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/drugbank/drug/DB00162/identifier/chebi/
xsdhhttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
n16http://linked.opendata.cz/resource/atc/
n10http://linked.opendata.cz/ontology/sukl/drug/

Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00162
rdf:type
n5:Drug
n5:description
Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of carotenoids found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products. [PubChem]
n5:dosage
n29:271B4EBB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:generalReferences
# Roncone DP: Xerophthalmia secondary to alcohol-induced malnutrition. Optometry. 2006 Mar;77(3):124-33. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513513
n5:group
approved nutraceutical
n5:halfLife
1.9 hours
n5:indication
For the treatment of vitamin A deficiency.
n5:manufacturer
n7:271B4EAF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EB0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EAD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EAE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EAB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EAC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EA9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EAA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EA7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EA8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EA5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EA6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EA3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EA4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EA1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EA2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E9F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4EA0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E9E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n13:DB00162 n17:DB00162
dcterms:title
Vitamin A
adms:identifier
n4:Vitamin_A n18:61703-418-07 n19:PA451884 n20:C00473 n21:D00069 n22:DB00162 n23:17336
n5:mechanismOfAction
Vision:Vitamin A (all-<i>trans</i> retinol) is converted in the retina to the 11-<i>cis</i>-isomer of retinaldehyde or 11-<i>cis</i>-retinal. 11-<i>cis</i>-retinal functions in the retina in the transduction of light into the neural signals necessary for vision. 11-<i>cis</i>-retinal, while attached to opsin in rhodopsin is isomerized to all-<i>trans</i>-retinal by light. This is the event that triggers the nerve impulse to the brain which allows for the perception of light. All-<i>trans</i>-retinal is then released from opsin and reduced to all-<i>trans</i>-retinol. All-<i>trans</i>-retinol is isomerized to 11-<i>cis</i>-retinol in the dark, and then oxidized to 11-<i>cis</i>-retinal. 11-<i>cis</i>-retinal recombines with opsin to re-form rhodopsin. Night blindness or defective vision at low illumination results from a failure to re-synthesize 11-<i>cis</i> retinal rapidly. <br/>Epithelial differentiation: The role of Vitamin A in epithelial differentiation, as well as in other physiological processes, involves the binding of Vitamin A to two families of nuclear retinoid receptors (retinoic acid receptors, RARs; and retinoid-X receptors, RXRs). These receptors function as ligand-activated transcription factors that modulate gene transcription. When there is not enough Vitamin A to bind these receptors, natural cell differentiation and growth are interrupted.
n5:packager
n7:271B4E93-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E94-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E83-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E84-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E99-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E9A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E97-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E98-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E9D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E9B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E9C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E87-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E88-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E85-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E86-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E8B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E8C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E89-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E8A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E8F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E90-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E8D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E8E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E95-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E96-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E91-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n7:271B4E92-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:synonym
Vitamin A1 (2e,4e,6e,8e)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol all-trans-retinyl alcohol Alphalin Chocola a all-trans-retinol all-trans-vitamin A alcohol Vitamin a Retinol
n5:toxicity
Acute toxicity (single ingestion of 7 500 RE or 25 000 IU per kg or more): Signs and symptoms may be delayed for 8 to 24 hours and include: increased intracranial pressure, headache, irritability, drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, bulging of fontanels in infants, diplopia, papilledema. Peeling of skin around mouth may be observed from 1 to several days after ingestion and may spread to the rest of the body. Chronic, excessive ingestion (1 200 RE or 4 000 IU/kg daily for 6 to 15 months) may produce symptoms of pseudotumor cerebri, anorexia, weakness, arthralgias, bone pain, bone demineralization, dry skin, cracked lips, brittle nails, hair loss, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, hypoplastic anemia, leukopenia, optic neuropathy, and blindness. Increased plasma concentrations of vitamin A occur but do not necessarily correlate with toxicity.
n10:hasAHFSCode
n11:88-04-00
n5:mixture
n6:271B4E66-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E67-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E64-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E65-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E62-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E63-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E60-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E61-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E5E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E5F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E5C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E5D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E5A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E5B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E59-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E82-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E80-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E81-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E7E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E7F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E7C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E7D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E7A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E7B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E78-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E79-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E76-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E77-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E74-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E75-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E72-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E73-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E70-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E71-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E6E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E6F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E6C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E6D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E6A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E6B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E68-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n6:271B4E69-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:proteinBinding
<5% of circulating vitamin A is bound to lipoproteins in blood in normal condition, but may be up to 65% when hepatic stores are saturated because of excessive intake. When released from liver, vitamin A is bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP). Most vitamin A circulates in the form of retinol bound to RBP.
n5:salt
n5:synthesisReference
William Oroshnik, "Synthesis of Vitamin A, intermediates and conversion thereof to Vitamin A." U.S. Patent US4092366, issued May, 1948.
n14:hasConcept
n15:M0022788
foaf:page
n25:vitamin-a.html n26:aquasola.htm n28:vit_0260.shtml
n5:IUPAC-Name
n9:271B4EC0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:InChI
n9:271B4EC6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Molecular-Formula
n9:271B4EC5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Molecular-Weight
n9:271B4EC2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Monoisotopic-Weight
n9:271B4EC3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:SMILES
n9:271B4EC4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Water-Solubility
n9:271B4EBE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4ED6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:logP
n9:271B4EBC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4EBF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n9:271B4ED8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:logS
n9:271B4EBD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n10:hasATCCode
n16:R01AX02 n16:S01XA02 n16:D10AD02
n5:H-Bond-Acceptor-Count
n9:271B4ECC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:H-Bond-Donor-Count
n9:271B4ECD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:InChIKey
n9:271B4EC7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Polar-Surface-Area--PSA-
n9:271B4EC8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Polarizability
n9:271B4ECA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Refractivity
n9:271B4EC9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Rotatable-Bond-Count
n9:271B4ECB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:absorption
Readily absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract
n5:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n5:casRegistryNumber
68-26-8
n5:category
n5:containedIn
n27:271B4EB1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n27:271B4EB2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n27:271B4EB5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n27:271B4EB6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n27:271B4EB3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n27:271B4EB4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n27:271B4EB9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n27:271B4EBA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n27:271B4EB7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n27:271B4EB8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Bioavailability
n9:271B4ED2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Ghose-Filter
n9:271B4ED4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:MDDR-Like-Rule
n9:271B4ED5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Melting-Point
n9:271B4ED7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Number-of-Rings
n9:271B4ED1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Physiological-Charge
n9:271B4ED0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Rule-of-Five
n9:271B4ED3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n9:271B4EC1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n9:271B4ECE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:pKa--strongest-basic-
n9:271B4ECF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5