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Statements

Subject Item
n2:DB00115
rdf:type
n5:Drug
n5:description
Cyanocobalamin (commonly known as Vitamin B12) is the most chemically complex of all the vitamins. Cyanocobalamin's structure is based on a corrin ring, which, although similar to the porphyrin ring found in heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome, has two of the pyrrole rings directly bonded. The central metal ion is Co (cobalt). Cyanocobalamin cannot be made by plants or by animals, as the only type of organisms that have the enzymes required for the synthesis of cyanocobalamin are bacteria and archaea. Higher plants do not concentrate cyanocobalamin from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. Cyanocobalamin is naturally found in foods including meat (especially liver and shellfish), eggs, and milk products. [HMDB]
n5:dosage
n19:271B4698-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B4699-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n19:271B469A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:generalReferences
# Wickramasinghe SN: Morphology, biology and biochemistry of cobalamin- and folate-deficient bone marrow cells. Baillieres Clin Haematol. 1995 Sep;8(3):441-59. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8534956 # Sharabi A, Cohen E, Sulkes J, Garty M: Replacement therapy for vitamin B12 deficiency: comparison between the sublingual and oral route. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Dec;56(6):635-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14616423 # Hall AH, Rumack BH: Hydroxycobalamin/sodium thiosulfate as a cyanide antidote. J Emerg Med. 1987;5(2):115-21. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3295013 # Andres E, Noel E, Goichot B: Metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Oct 28;162(19):2251-2. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12390080 # Gilligan MA: Metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Feb 25;162(4):484-5. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11863489
n5:group
approved nutraceutical
n5:halfLife
Approximately 6 days (400 days in the liver).
n5:indication
For treatment of pernicious anemia (due to lack of or inhibition of intrinsic factor) and for prevention and treatment of vitamin B 12 deficiency.
n5:manufacturer
n18:271B4669-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B466A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4668-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B466D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B466E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B466B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B466C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4671-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4672-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B466F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4670-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4675-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4676-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4673-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4674-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4679-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B467A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4677-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4678-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B467D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B467B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B467C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
owl:sameAs
n17:DB00115 n21:DB00115
dcterms:title
Cyanocobalamin
adms:identifier
n4:4575342 n6:DB00115 n7:17439 n8:D00166 n9:0270-0519-16 n10:C02823 n11:44176380 n12:46509031 n15:CNC n26:PA451892 n28:Cyanocobalamin
n5:mechanismOfAction
Vitamin B12 is used in the body in two forms: Methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin. The enzyme methionine synthase needs methylcobalamin as a cofactor. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine into methionine. Methionine in turn is required for DNA methylation. 5-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin is a cofactor needed by the enzyme that converts L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. This conversion is an important step in the extraction of energy from proteins and fats. Furthermore, succinyl CoA is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, the substances that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
n5:packager
n18:271B4667-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4665-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4666-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4663-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4664-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4661-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4662-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B465F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4660-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B465D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B465E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B465B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B465C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4659-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B465A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4657-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4658-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4655-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4656-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4653-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4654-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4651-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4652-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B464F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4650-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B464D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B464E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B464B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B464C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4649-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B464A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4647-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4648-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4645-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4646-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4643-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4644-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4641-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4642-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B463F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B4640-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B463D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n18:271B463E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:patent
n23:7404489 n23:7229636
n5:synonym
Cyanocob(III)alamin Vitamin B12 complex Vitamin B12
n5:toxicity
Anaphylactic reaction (skin rash, itching, wheezing)-after parenteral administration. ORL-MUS LD<sub>50</sub> > 8000 mg/kg
n29:hasAHFSCode
n30:88-08-00
n5:mixture
n22:271B463B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n22:271B463C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:proteinBinding
Very high (to specific plasma proteins called transcobalamins); binding of hydroxocobalamin is slightly higher than cyanocobalamin.
n5:synthesisReference
Robert H. Allen, "Preparation of samples for vitamin B12 and/or folate assay and assay." U.S. Patent US4451571, issued October, 1982.
n33:hasConcept
n34:M0022794
foaf:page
n14:cyanocobalamin-b12.html n20:vit_0262.shtml n31:b12inj.htm
n5:IUPAC-Name
n27:271B469E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:InChI
n27:271B46A4-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Molecular-Formula
n27:271B46A3-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Molecular-Weight
n27:271B46A0-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Monoisotopic-Weight
n27:271B46A1-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:SMILES
n27:271B46A2-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Water-Solubility
n27:271B469D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n27:271B46AE-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:logP
n27:271B469B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:logS
n27:271B469C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n29:hasATCCode
n32:B03BA01
n5:InChIKey
n27:271B46A5-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:absorption
Readily absorbed in the lower half of the ileum.
n5:affectedOrganism
Humans and other mammals
n5:casRegistryNumber
68-19-9
n5:category
n5:containedIn
n24:271B4695-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4696-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4693-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4694-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4691-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4692-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B468F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4690-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B468D-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B468E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B468B-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B468C-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4689-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B468A-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4687-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4688-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4685-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4686-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4683-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4684-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4682-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4697-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4680-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B4681-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B467E-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5 n24:271B467F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Bioavailability
n27:271B46AA-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Ghose-Filter
n27:271B46AC-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:MDDR-Like-Rule
n27:271B46AD-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Melting-Point
n27:271B46AF-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Number-of-Rings
n27:271B46A9-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Physiological-Charge
n27:271B46A8-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Rule-of-Five
n27:271B46AB-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:Traditional-IUPAC-Name
n27:271B469F-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:pKa--strongest-acidic-
n27:271B46A6-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5
n5:pKa--strongest-basic-
n27:271B46A7-363D-11E5-9242-09173F13E4C5