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Statements

Subject Item
n2:RIV%2F61989592%3A15310%2F13%3A33148441%21RIV14-MSM-15310___
rdf:type
n9:Vysledek skos:Concept
dcterms:description
Adaptation to proximity of humans should be particularly advantageous during adverse environmental conditions because the ability to withstand proximity to humans allows for exploitation of abundant food. We carried out flight initiation distance experiments in 207 bird species in 7 pairs of urban-rural areas from northern to southern Europe before and after the extremely cold winter of 2009-2010. Flight initiation distance in different species of birds on average became shorter after the cold winter, but only in resident urban populations (frequently exposed to humans) and not in migratory or rural populations of the same species. There were independent partial effects of human population density with an increase in flight initiation distance from before to after the cold winter of 2009-2010 at low population densities and a decrease at high population densities, and there was an independent effect of latitude with the flight initiation distance increasing from 2009 to 2010 at low latitudes and decreasing from 2009 to 2010 at high latitudes. The difference in flight initiation distance before and after the cold winter increased with severity of the winter across different study areas. Therefore, the difference in flight initiation distance between urban and rural habitats increased after the cold winter, especially in areas with the coldest winter weather. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a behavioral component of urbanization is due to reduced flight initiation distance in urban environments and suggest that weather conditions (i.e., cold winters) have played an important role in the process of urbanization. Adaptation to proximity of humans should be particularly advantageous during adverse environmental conditions because the ability to withstand proximity to humans allows for exploitation of abundant food. We carried out flight initiation distance experiments in 207 bird species in 7 pairs of urban-rural areas from northern to southern Europe before and after the extremely cold winter of 2009-2010. Flight initiation distance in different species of birds on average became shorter after the cold winter, but only in resident urban populations (frequently exposed to humans) and not in migratory or rural populations of the same species. There were independent partial effects of human population density with an increase in flight initiation distance from before to after the cold winter of 2009-2010 at low population densities and a decrease at high population densities, and there was an independent effect of latitude with the flight initiation distance increasing from 2009 to 2010 at low latitudes and decreasing from 2009 to 2010 at high latitudes. The difference in flight initiation distance before and after the cold winter increased with severity of the winter across different study areas. Therefore, the difference in flight initiation distance between urban and rural habitats increased after the cold winter, especially in areas with the coldest winter weather. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a behavioral component of urbanization is due to reduced flight initiation distance in urban environments and suggest that weather conditions (i.e., cold winters) have played an important role in the process of urbanization.
dcterms:title
Change in flight initiation distance between urban and rural habitats following a cold winter Change in flight initiation distance between urban and rural habitats following a cold winter
skos:prefLabel
Change in flight initiation distance between urban and rural habitats following a cold winter Change in flight initiation distance between urban and rural habitats following a cold winter
skos:notation
RIV/61989592:15310/13:33148441!RIV14-MSM-15310___
n9:predkladatel
n10:orjk%3A15310
n5:aktivita
n8:Z
n5:aktivity
Z(MSM6198959212)
n5:cisloPeriodika
5
n5:dodaniDat
n14:2014
n5:domaciTvurceVysledku
n16:3183831
n5:druhVysledku
n20:J
n5:duvernostUdaju
n12:S
n5:entitaPredkladatele
n6:predkladatel
n5:idSjednocenehoVysledku
64896
n5:idVysledku
RIV/61989592:15310/13:33148441
n5:jazykVysledku
n18:eng
n5:klicovaSlova
antipredator behavior, birds, flight initiation distance, urbanization
n5:klicoveSlovo
n7:urbanization n7:flight%20initiation%20distance n7:antipredator%20behavior n7:birds
n5:kodStatuVydavatele
GB - Spojené království Velké Británie a Severního Irska
n5:kontrolniKodProRIV
[795F9D9D01EE]
n5:nazevZdroje
Behavioral Ecology
n5:obor
n19:EG
n5:pocetDomacichTvurcuVysledku
1
n5:pocetTvurcuVysledku
5
n5:rokUplatneniVysledku
n14:2013
n5:svazekPeriodika
24
n5:tvurceVysledku
Moller, Anders Pape Ibá?Ez-Álamo, Juan Diego Grim, Tomáš
n5:wos
000322957800028
n5:zamer
n15:MSM6198959212
s:issn
1045-2249
s:numberOfPages
7
n17:doi
10.1093/beheco/art054
n4:organizacniJednotka
15310